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9. Softwood Lumber

London Court of International Arbitration

United States of America CLAIMANT v. Canada RESPONDENT

N^o. 81010

Award

Rendered by an Arbitral Tribunal composed of:

Professor Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler, Tribunal Chair
Mr. David Williams QC, Arbitrator
Professor Albert Jan van den Berg, Arbitrator
Secretary of the Tribunal: Dr. Jorge E. Viñuales

Table of Contents

• Table of Abbreviations
• I. Main Facts
  • A. The parties
    1. The Claimant
    2. The Respondent
  • B. History of the Dispute
    1. The 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement
    2. The Ontario and Quebec programs
       • a) The Ontario programs
       • b) The Québec programs
    3. The Challenges to the Respondent's programs
• II. Procedural History
• III. Position of the Parties
  • A. The Claimant's Position and Request for Relief
  • B. The Respondent's Position and Request for Relief
• IV. Analysis
  • A. Preliminary Issues
    1. Jurisdiction
    2. Attribution
    3. Governing law
    4. Burden of proof
    5. Weight of earlier awards
  • B. Liability
    1. Applicable provisions of the SLA
    2. Ontario's Forest Sector Prosperity Fund (FSPF) and Forest Sector Loan Guarantee (FSLGP) Programs
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    3. Ontario's Forest Access Road and Maintenance Program (FARMP)
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    4. Quebec's Silviculture Credits
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    5. Quebec's Silviculture Investment Measure
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    6. Quebec's SOPFIM and SOPFEU Programs
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    7. Quebec's Forestry Fund
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    8. Quebec's Forest Industry Support Program (PSIF)
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    9. Quebec's Capital Tax Credit
       • a) The Claimant's position
       • b) The Respondent's position
       • c) The Tribunal's determination
    10. The Quebec's Road Tax Credit
        • a) Claimant's position
        • b) The Respondent's position
        • c) The Tribunal's considerations
  • B. Remedies
    1. Applicable Norms
    2. Reasonable time to cure the breach (Art. XIV(22)(a))
    3. Compensatory adjustments (Art. XIV(22)(b))
       • a) General remarks
       • b) Other issues arising from the Joint Expert Report
       • c) Compensatory adjustments to be collected by Canada
  • C. Costs
• V. Summary of Findings and Formal

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Date Modified:

2013-01-23