Minister of Foreign Affairs appearance before the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (FAAE) on main estimates
May 4th, 2023
Published: December 1st, 2023
Scenario Note
- Your one-hour, in-person appearance begins at 11:00AM EST with you delivering five minutes of opening remarks.
- This will be your first appearance on Main Estimates as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
- The following officials are accompanying you in-person during the appearance and may be called upon to respond to questions:
- David Morrison, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs (USS)
- Anick Ouellette, Assistant Deputy Minister and Chief Financial Officer (SCM)
- Sandra McCardell, Assistant Deputy Minister, Europe, Arctic, Middle East and Mahgreb (EGM)
- Marie-Louise Hannan, Acting Assistant Deputy Minister, Indo Pacific (aOGM)
Expected Opposition Lines of Questioning
- Main Estimates appearances frequently touch on a wide range of files without direct connection to the estimates.
- Given recent events in Sudan, you may be asked questions about Canada’s response to the crisis.
- Given your recent (March 22) appearance before the House Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration (CIMM) on the Government’s Response to the Final Report of the Special Committee on Afghanistan, all parties may question you on Canada’s withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, as well as recent engagement and policy developments.
- Given your recent (March 9) appearance before the House Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs (PROC) on Foreign Election Interference, all parties may question you about foreign interference in Canada (including but not limited to the PRC and Russian Federation).
- Given the Committee’s ongoing study of PMB C-281, all parties may question you on matters concerning publishing lists of “prisoners of conscience", and support for human rights more broadly.
- Furthermore, you should expect that:
- The CPC will raise concerns about the ongoing war in Ukraine, Canada’s sanctions regime (including enforcement), human rights in China (including Xinjiang, Tibet, and Hong Kong), cross-Taiwan Strait relations, Iran (including Flight PS762 and the listing of the IRGC as a terrorist organization).
- The BQ will focus on the war in Ukraine, current and projected levels of Official Development Assistance (ODA), Canada’s sanctions regime (including enforcement), human rights in China (including Xinjiang, Tibet, and Hong Kong), as well as cross-Taiwan Strait relations.
- The NDP will question the government’s commitment to implementing a Feminist Foreign Policy, including the recent report by the Auditor General on International Assistance in Support of Gender Equity, the efficacy of the Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP), current and projected levels of Official Development Assistance (ODA), and Canada’s sanctions regime (including enforcement).
Committee Membership
- Ali Ehsassi, LPC (Chair)
- Rachel Bendayan, LPC
- Hedy Fry, LPC
- Rob Oliphant, LPC
- Randeep Sarai, LPC
- Sameer Zuberi, LPC
- Garnett Genuis, CPC (Vice-Chair)
- Michael Chong, CPC
- David Epp, CPC
- Randy Hoback, CPC
- Stéphane Bergeron, BQ (Vice-Chair)
- Heather McPherson, NDP
Opening Remarks
Intro
- The environment in which Global Affairs Canada operates is complex and difficult, with intensifying geopolitical competition, a major war in Europe, the proliferation of new actors and technologies, multiple regional crises, and continuing strains on the multilateral institutions that are necessary for facilitating peace and cooperation.
- As Canadians know, the global environment affects our economic and social trajectory at home – from public health to supply chains to the fight against climate change.
- This means that protecting Canada’s sovereignty and advancing our prosperity and security requires active engagement of our staff across an extraordinary range of files.
- As our time is limited, I will provide a brief overview of some of the top issues on my agenda since I became minister a little over a year and a half ago.
Main lines of action
- There is no lack of crises that require my attention.
- To begin, my colleagues and I are closely monitoring the situation in Sudan and are working with the international community to coordinate the response to that crisis, particularly by exploring departure assistance options in collaboration with our international partners.
- In terms of immigration, you know—thanks to my colleague, Minister Fraser—that the government is prioritizing the processing of applications from Sudanese nationals who are currently in Canada and who may not be able to go home because of the rapidly deteriorating situation in their country. We have waived the fees and are taking steps to support Sudanese temporary residents who are currently in Canada.
- We are also working closely with our international partners to respond to the crisis in Haiti, in partnership with Haitians.
- Canada’s efforts in Haiti centre on 4 pillars: (1) supporting political dialogue; (2) imposing sanctions on those who are supporting the violence; (3) addressing humanitarian and development needs; and (4) strengthening the security sector.
- In particular, we are actively working to build the capacity of the Haitian National Police, with an additional investment of $100 million announced on March 24.
- And we continue to take robust coordinated action in response to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine.
- President Putin’s forces have been attempting to destroy Ukrainian independence and break its people, identity and culture. But Ukrainians stand against tyranny and fight for their country, with our support.
- On April 11, Canada announced an additional C$2.4 billion loan for Ukraine, bringing Canada's total economic, defence, and humanitarian aid to Ukraine above C$8 billion, including over $1 billion in military assistance. This is essential for Ukrainians fighting for their country and for the Government of Ukraine to operate, deliver services, and repair and rebuild infrastructure.
- We are using every tool available to make Putin pay for his war. Canada’s sanctions measures are unprecedented in scale – with a unique seizure and forfeiture regime and more than 2400 individuals and entities listed – and in terms of the level of coordination with international partners.
- As we seek to address the crises of today, we are also advancing Canada’s long term priorities.
- The implementation of Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy is an example of this strategic balance.
- This strategy reflects a recognition that the future trajectory of the Indo-Pacific will have critical implications for Canada.
- We are supporting this strategy through targeted investments totalling nearly $2.3 billion, which is enabling unprecedented engagement in the region.
- Canada has already made progress on implementing the strategy. Many of my fellow ministers and I are spending time in the region. We announced the creation of the first Indo-Pacific Agriculture and Agri-Food Office in December, the launch of a Team Canada trade mission (to Singapore, in February) and the deployment of the frigate HMCS Montréal as part of the initiative to “enhance defence capability” (in March).
- The Indo-Pacific Strategy also provides a framework for how our government engages with China.
- We are always willing to engage China in frank, open and respectful dialogue, and find ways to work constructively where we can find common ground, including on climate change, biodiversity, and global health.
- However, we won’t refrain from sharing our concerns, and defending our positions and principles. We are unapologetic in protecting our national interests, including defending against foreign interference.
- Our work to counter foreign interference is proactive and multifaceted. It includes monitoring and countering disinformation under the G7 Rapid Response Mechanism, preventing foreign interference through our involvement in the Security and Intelligence Threats to Elections Task Force, and conducting international engagement on cyber threats.
- We are also taking coordinated action with like-minded partners to protect and strengthen democracy, human rights and the rule of law.
- This work is part of our Feminist Foreign Policy, which applies to our international engagement as a whole.
- The fight against arbitrary detention is a specific issue that requires effective international cooperation.
- Since Canada launched the Declaration Against Arbitrary Detention in State-to-State Relations in 2021, 74 states have endorsed it, and others are expected to do so.
- On May 2, as part of our efforts to advance and protect human rights, I announced Canada’s United Nations Human Rights Council candidacy for 2028 to 2030.
- Defending human rights is the right thing to do.
- In Iran, for example, the latest UN reports indicate worsening trends for women’s rights, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion, and freedom from torture.
- This is why, since October 2022, Canada has implemented sanctions against 106 individuals and 30 entities complicit in gross and systematic human rights violations.
- Globally, it is difficult to achieve much working alone. We work ever closer with our key partners in the G7 and NATO on shared concerns.
- We also work closely with our neighbour, the United States. President Biden's recent visit provided an opportunity to better align our efforts at building a more free, equitable, secure, and prosperous world.
- At the same time, Canada is increasing engagement with emerging and developing states to seek new ways to cooperate, bilaterally and multilaterally.
- Through the efforts of our diplomats and international partners, even in difficult times multilateral cooperation can pay dividends, as evidenced in the last year by the UN-led Black Sea Grain initiative, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the new UN High Seas Treaty.
Conclusion
- There is no doubt that we are going through a difficult time—our ambassador to the United Nations, Bob Rae, described it as a “cascade of crises.”
- Significant challenges require significant responses and a clear focus on promoting Canada’s interests.
- This is why my fellow ministers and I will continue to enhance the resiliency and efficiency of our coordinated efforts on the international stage.
- To that end, I was proud to announce, last year, the expansion of Canada’s diplomatic presence and capacity in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Africa.
- It is also why, in May 2022, I launched an initiative—Future of Diplomacy: Transforming Global Affairs Canada—that aims to modernize and strengthen Canada’s capacity to operate on the global stage in a rapidly evolving world.
Biographies of FAAE Members
Ali Ehassi
LPC – WILLOWDALE, (ON)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2015
- Re-elected: 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Studies: He is a graduate of the University of Toronto (B.A.), attended the London School of Economics (M.SC.) and received degrees from Osgoode Hall Law School (LL. B) and a masters of international trade and arbitration law from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. (LL.M).
- Law: Worked as a lawyer in the private
- Public Servant: Was a civil servant at the provincial and federal level
Political and parliamentary roles
- Parliamentary Secretary: Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry (Innovation and Industry) (2019 – 2021)
- Parliamentary Association Vice-Chair: Canada-China Legislative Association (2020 – 2021)
- Parliamentary Association Member: Canada-China Legislative Association (2015 – 2020); Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association (2017 – 2019)
Committee membership
- Chair: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2022 – Present); Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2022 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2021 – Present); Liaison Committee (2022 – Present); Subcommittee on International Human Rights of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2021 – Present)
- Former Member: Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology (2020 – 2021); Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights (2017 – 2019); Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration (2016 – 2017)
Points of interest to GAC
Ukraine:
- Mr. Ehassi is a defender of the Ukrainian cause and does not hesitate to criticize in the House the atrocities committed by Russia and he encourages the measures taken by Canada to help Ukrainian civilians.
- From July 8 to 10, 2022, MP Ehsassi travelled to the Baltics (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia) concerning the war in Ukraine. On May 6, 2022, MP Ehsassi travelled to Kyiv alongside an EU parliamentarian delegation.
Iran:
- He has previously been outspoken about Iran and flight PS752, questioning compensation, requesting an assessment on Iran’s draft report and a transparent investigation, and has asked departmental officials if this matter could/should be addressed at the International Court of Justice.
Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights:
- At the April 25, 2022 FAAE meeting on Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights, MP Ehsassi pushed back on the opposition assertion that the main issue in COVID-19 vaccine procurement is related to supply, and he questioned the effectiveness of a TRIPS waiver at the WTO.
WTO: COVID-19
- On March 12, 2021, during Question Period, MP Ehsassi rose in the House to deliver the following statement: “It is important for our government that there is a just global recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Canada is a strong proponent of a multilateral rules-based system within the WTO context. We are committed to ensuring strong, resilient global medical supply chains and have reached out to the waiver proponents to better understand their.”
Garnett Genuis
CPC – SHERWOOD PARK – FORT SASKATCHEWAN, (AB)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2015
- Re-elected: 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Bachelor's degree in Public Affairs and Policy Management with a minor in Economics and a Master's degree in Public Policy and Philosophy
- Policy: Assistant to the Director of Policy at the Office of the Prime Minister (2008 – 2009)
- Management: Executive Director at RETA (2011 – 2012); Vice-President Abingdon Research (2012 – 2015)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Critic: Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (2020 – Present)
- Former Shadow Minister: Multiculturalism (2019 – 2020); International Development & Human Rights (Justice) (2020 – 2021)
- Former Assistant Critic: Justice (Human Rights) (2015 – 2017); Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (Religious Freedom) (2015 – 2017)
Committee membership
- Vice-Chair: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2022 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2017 – 2018/2020 –Present); Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration (2022 – Present)
- Former Vice-Chair: Special Committee on Canada-China Relations (2020 – 2021)
Points of interest to GAC
Russia:
- On June 20, 2022, MP Genuis submitted an Order Paper Question (OPQ) to GAC in order to know the engagement of Canada with the Russia embassy in Ottawa, since February 23, 2022.
Iran: Flight PS752
- During Question Period in October 2022, MP Genuis repeatedly pressed the government to increase sanctions on Iran and to register the IRGC as a terrorist entity.
China:
- During Question Period in October 2022, MP Genuis has repeatedly criticized the fact that China has police stations in Canada to monitor its population.
- On May 12, 2022, he rose in support of MP Chong’s motion to re-establish the Special Committee on Canada-China Relations, in which he said the following: “From its creation, the committee did critical and relevant work.”
- In December 2021, MP Genuis introduced to the House a petition asking Parliament to use Magnitsky sanctions against those responsible for human rights violations in China.
Global Food Insecurity:
- During a House statement on June 16, 2022, MP Genuis stated that Canada needs to focus more on food security and food aid as part of its international development and criticized the fact that Canadian government policy is hurting the agricultural sector and reducing its ability to respond to this global crisis.
Afghanistan:
- On December 21, 2021, MP Genuis presented a petition calling the government to increase its support to the Haraza community in Afghanistan.
Other interests
Trafficking in Human Organs:
- MP Genuis is sponsoring Senator Ataullahjan’s Bill S-223 (trafficking in human organs) in the House of Commons.
Stéphane Bergeron
BQ – MONTARVILLE, (QC)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 1993
- Re-elected: 1997, 2000, 2004, 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Bachelor's degree in Politics and International relations and a Master's degree in Politics and International relations.
- Provincial Politics: Member of Quebec's National Assembly for the "Parti Québécois" (2005 – 2018)
- Military: Served in the Canadian Forces as a naval cadet instructor cadre officer (1984 – 1993)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Critic: Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Foreign Affairs) (1996 – 1998/2003 – 2004/2019 – Present)
- Parliamentary Association Member: National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians(2021 – Present); Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association(2019 – Present); Canada-China Legislative Association(2021 – Present); Canada-Germany Interparliamentary Group(2019 – Present); Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2019 – Present); Canada-France Inter-Parliamentary Association(2019 – Present); Canada-Ireland Interparliamentary Group(2019 – Present); Canada-Israel Interparliamentary Group(2019 – Present); Canada-Italy Interparliamentary Group(2019 – Present); Canada-Japan Inter-Parliamentary Group(2019 – Present); Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association(2019 – Present); Canadian Branch of the Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie(2019 – Present); Canadian Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association(2019 – Present); Canada-United States Inter-Parliamentary Group(2019 – Present); Canadian Section of ParlAmericas(2019 – Present); Canada-United Kingdom Inter-Parliamentary Association(2019 – Present); Canadian Delegation to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly(2019 – Present); Canadian Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2019 – Present)
- Former Critic: Finance (International Financial Institutions) (1993 – 1996); Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Foreign Affairs) (1996 – 1998); Government House Leader (Parliamentary Affairs) (1997 – 2001); Industry (Science, Research and Development) (2001 – 2002); Privy Council Office (Intergovernmental Affairs) (2004 – 2005/2019 – 2021); National Revenue (Single Tax Return) (2019 – 2021)
Committee membership
- Vice-Chair: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2020 – Present); Special Committee on Canada-China Relations (2020 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2020 – Present); Special Committee on Canada-China Relations (2020 – Present); Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2021 – Present); Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Special Committee on the Canada–People’s Republic of China Relationship (2021 – Present)
Points of interest to GAC
Ukraine:
- At a FAAE meeting in May 2022, MP Bergeron was critical of the government for not providing a timeline for the reopening of the embassy in Kyiv, and the government’s lack of transparency in its security assessments.
- On March 29th, 2022, MP Bergeron spoke critically of the government’s proposed plan for Ukrainian refugees who seek to come to Canada, and the lack of assurance that health care coverage would be provided.
Afghanistan:
- During an opposition day on December 7, 2021, regarding the creation of a Special Committee on Afghanistan (AFGH), MP Bergeron rose to criticize the government on calling an election as the situation in Kabul was escalating. During this debate, he also linked escalation by Russia at the Ukraine border to Afghanistan as “countries who do not share Canada’s values taking advantage of the coalition’s supposed weakness to impose their views.”
China:
- The majority of MP Bergeron’s statements have been related to China, including the eight-month vacancy of Canada’s Ambassadorship and the related impact on the bilateral relationship.
- He frequently raised concern regarding the possible invasion of Taiwan by the People’s Republic of China.
- He is also very critical of Huawei's implementation of 5G in Canada, which he sees as a potential tool used by China for espionage.
Human Rights: Saudi Arabia
- In Question Period, MP Bergeron has focused on human rights, asking “What will it take for the government to take action and finally get Raif Badawi released?” He followed this question by stating: “it is scandalous that Raif Badawi is languishing in prison after seven years without having committed any crime. If the government can sit down with Saudi Arabia at the G20, if it can sit down with Saudi Arabia to do business and sell the country weapons, then it can certainly sit down with Saudi Arabia to demand the release of Raif Badawi.”
Rachel Bendayan
LPC – OUTREMONT (QC)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2019
- Re-elected: 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Bachelor's degree in International Development Studies and a Bachelor's degree in Law
- Law: was a lawyer with Norton Rose Canada in Montreal in the fields of litigation and international arbitration, specializing in international trade law (2007 – 2015)
- Teaching: While in private practice, Bendayan also taught at the Université de Montréal's Faculty of Law (2010 – 2015)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Parliamentary Secretary: Minister of Tourism and Associate Minister of Finance (Industry/Finance) (2021 – Present)
- Former Parliamentary Secretary: Minister of Small Business, Export Promotion and International Trade (Industry/Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development) (2019 – 2021)
Committee membership
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2021 – Present); Special Joint Committee on the Declaration of Emergency (2022 – Present)
- Former Member: Special Committee on the Economic Relationship between Canada and the United States (2021) Standing Committee on International Trade (2020 – 2021); Special Committee on the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020); Standing Committee on Finance (2019); Standing Committee on the Status of Women (2019)
Points of interest to GAC
Ukraine:
- In a statement to the House in June 2022, MP Bendayan showed her support for the Ukrainian people and criticized the Conservatives for wanting to remove economic sanctions against Russia on certain products in the agricultural sector.
China: Human Rights
- On May 12, 2022, MP Bendayan spoke in the House against the CPC opposition motion for the reestablishment of the Special Committee on Canada-China Relations, which she characterised as “inappropriate”.
- During the May 5th, 2022 FAAE session on Tibet, MP Bendayan spoke to China’s “coercive labour” practices against the Tibetan people, and the “colonial boarding schools” meant to deny children access to their culture, language, religion, and families.
Canada’s Supply Chains:
- In committee meeting in May 2021, MP Bendayan has stressed the importance of protecting Canada’s supply chains in international trade agreements. She also gave a speech on vaccine access where she stated: “The pandemic is not over anywhere until it is over everywhere.”
Trade: United States
- In the past (October 2020), MP Bendayan has mentioned her concern about the decision of the United States to investigate the export of blueberries and stated her party will advocate for exporters. She has expressed interest in tariffs, exports, and bilateral trade, with the United States.
Michael D. Chong
CPC – WELLINGTON – HALTON HILLS (ON)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2004
- Re-elected: 2006, 2008, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy
- Advisor: Senior advisor at Greater Toronto Airports Authority (2001 – 2004); Analyst at BZW (Barclays de Zoete Wedd) (1994 – 1997); Assistant to the President at the Canadian Tire Financial Services (1992 – 1994)
- IT: Head of IT at Mackie Research Capital (1997 – 1999)
- History: Member Board Of Directors at Historica Canada (1997 – Present)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Shadow Minister: Foreign Affairs (2020 – Present)
- Former Shadow Minister: Infrastructure, Communities and Urban Affairs (2017 – 2018); Science (Industry) (2018 – 2019); Democratic Institutions (2019 – 2020)
- Former Assistant Critic: Environment (2015 – 2016)
Committee membership
- Vice-Chair: Special Committee on the Canada–People’s Republic of China Relationship (2022 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2020 – Present); Special Committee on the Canada–People’s Republic of China Relationship (2022 – Present)
- Former Chair: Standing Committee on Official Languages (2011 – 2015); Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage (2010 – 2011); Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology (2009)
- Former Vice-Chair Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2020 – 2021); Special Committee on Afghanistan (2021 – 2022)
Points of interest to GAC
Ukraine:
- During a House statement in July 2022, MP Chong call on the government to implement strong measures to counter Russia’s aggression and to strengthen the security of Canada and its allies. He also mention that Canada need to continue to advocate for policies that strengthen our relationship with our allies like Germany, so they are less reliant on Russian natural gas.
Iran: Flight PS752
- During Question Period in October 2022, MP Chong repeatedly pressed the government to increase sanctions on Iran and to register the IRGC as a terrorist entity.
- On January 8, 2022, MP Chong released a statement accusing the Trudeau government of “failing to take serious action against the Iranian regime for the downing of Flight PS752.”
China: Human Rights
- During Question Period in October 2022, MP Chong has repeatedly criticized the fact that China has police stations in Canada to monitor its population.
- At the May 5, 2022 FAAE session on Tibet, MP Chong pointed to the sanctions imposed on Chinese officials for their human rights abuses/violations against the Uyghur people in Xinjiang, questioned their effectiveness, and whether sanctions should be imposed for similar abuses in Tibet.
Afghanistan:
- During the CPC Opposition Day on December 7, 2021, MP Chong characterized Canada’s withdrawal as “a betrayal of the legacy of the hundreds of thousands of soldiers of the NATO alliance who fought in the war in Afghanistan for freedom, democracy and the rule of law.”
Dave Epp
CPC – CHATHAM-KENT-LEAMINGTON (ON)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2019
- Re-elected: 2021
Professional background
- Business: He learned the business from the ground up, moving from warehouse to office - eventually opening a business of his own.[2] He was co-owner and co-managed Axxess Furniture Inc., an Edmonton-based furniture distribution business, for 12 years
- Recognition: His work on community boards earned him both an Alberta Centennial Medal (2005), and a Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Parliamentary Association Member: Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association (2021-present); Canada-Germany Interparliamentary Group (2022-present); Canada-France Inter-Parliamentary Association (2021-Present); Canada- Ireland Interparliamentary Group (2022-present); Canada-Israel Interparliamentary Group (2022-present); Canada- Italy Interparliamentary Group (2022-present); Canada-Japan Inter-Parliamentary Group (2022-present); Canadian Branch of the Assemblee parlementaire de la Francophonie (2022-present); Canadian Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (2022-present); Canada-United States Inter-Parliamentary Group (2021-present); Canadian Section of ParlAmericas (2022-present); Canada-United Kingdom Inter-Parliamentary Association (2021- present); Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2021-present); Canadian Delegation to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly (2021-2022).
Committee membership
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2022-present, 2020,)
- Former Member: Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food (2020-2022); Special Committee on the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)
Points of interest to GAC
Ukraine: Fertilizer Tariffs
- On June 21st, 2022, Epp showed a great interest in the commercial exchanges between Canada and Ukraine especially on the modernization of the commercial agreement between Ukraine and Canada.
Global Food Insecurity
- On June 21st, 2022, Epp showed a great interest in Canadian grain, energy, expertise in food production given the impacts of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
- He has also shown great interest at AGRI regarding the fertilizer tariffs
Other interests
He has jointly seconded the following Bills:
- C-280 Financial Protection for Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Farmers Act
- C-234 An Act to amend the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act
Hedy Fry
LPC – VANCOUVER CENTRE (BC)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 1993
- Re-elected: 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Studies: PhD in Medicine
- Medicine: Family Physician (1970 – 1993); President of the BC Medical Association (1990 – 1991)
- Media: Doctor columnist at CBC Television (1985 – 1988)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Parliamentary Association Director: Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2020 – Present); Canadian Delegation to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly (2017 – Present)
- Parliamentary Association Member: Canadian Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (2005 – Present); Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2004 – Present); Canada-United States Inter-Parliamentary Group (2005 – Present); Canadian Section of ParlAmericas (2011 – Present); Canada-United Kingdom Inter- Parliamentary Association (2009 – Present); Canadian Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2004 – Present); Canadian Delegation Organization for Security/Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly (2009 – Present)
- Former Parliamentary Secretary: Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (2004 – 2006); Human Resources and Skills Development with special emphasis on the Internationally Trained Workers Initiative (2004 – 2006); Citizenship and Immigration with special emphasis on Foreign Credentials (2003 – 2004); Multiculturalism & Status of Women (1996 – 2002); National Health and Welfare (Health) (1993 – 1996)
- Former Critic: Canadian Heritage (2006 – 2009); Health (2011 – 2015)
Committee membership
- Chair: Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage (2016 – 2018/2021 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2020 – Present); Special Joint Committee on Medical Assistance in Dying (2021 – Present); Liaison Committee (2021 – Present)
- Former Vice Chair: Standing Committee on Health (2011 – 2015)
Points of interest to GAC
China:
- On May 12, 2022, MP Fry tweeted “China surrounds Taiwan with war ships and war planes - Says its ‘just drills’ where have we heard that before?”, regarding the PLA Air Force violation of Taiwan’s ADIZ.
Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights:
- During the April 25, 2022 FAAE meeting on Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights, MP Fry focused extensively on the proposed TRIPS waiver at the WTO, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, gender equity in vaccine uptake and educating those who are vaccine hesitant.
Ukraine:
- Her comments regarding Ukraine often focus on the protection of democracy, given her role in the Canadian Delegation to the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly.
Women:
- At a FAAE meeting in June 2021, MP Fry questioned what officials will be doing to protect women and girls’ sexual and reproductive rights, specifically when they are fleeing their countries (and at high risk of being abused).
- MP Fry regularly rose in the House to speak on female genital mutilation (FGM) calling the government engage with other nations, donors, UN organizations and civil society to take action to eliminate FGM globally. For her to end FGM governments need to act with legislation to protect the human rights of women and girls, with policies that empower them.
Randy Hoback
CPC – PRINCE ALBERT (SK)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2008
- Re-elected: 2011, 2015, 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Certificate in Business Administration
- Business background: District Sales Manager Southern Alberta at Flexicoil (1990 – 1993); International Marketing Manager Western Europe at CNH Industrial (1996 – 1999); President Hoback Enterprises inc. (1985 – 2005); Chairman at the Western Canadian Wheat Growers Association (2003 – 2005)
- Government: Parliamentary Secretary assistant (Agriculture) to David Anderson under Minister Chuck Strahl
Political and parliamentary roles
- Critic: Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (2019 – Present); Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (Canada-U.S. Relations) (2016 – 2017)
- Member: Canadian Section of ParlAmericas (2011 – Present); Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association (2009 – Present); Canada-China Legislative Association (2008 – Present); Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2008 – Present); Canada-France Inter-Parliamentary Association (2009 – 2013/2022 – Present); Canada-Israel Interparliamentary Group (2009 – Present); Canada-Japan Inter-Parliamentary Group (2009 – Present); Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association (2008 – Present); Canadian Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (2008 – Present); Canada-United States Inter-Parliamentary Group (2008 – Present); Canada-United Kingdom Inter-Parliamentary Association (2008 – Present); Canadian Delegation to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly (2009 – Present)
Committee membership
- Former Vice-Chair: Standing Committee on International Trade (2015 – 2019/2021 – 2022)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2022 – Present); Standing Committee on International Trade (2011 – 2022); Special Committee on the Canada–People’s Republic of China Relationship (2011 – Present)
- Former Chair: Standing Committee on International Trade (2013 – 2015)
Points of interest to GAC
ASEAN, India:
- In June 2022, Hoback has tweeted about the urgent need for permanent trade agreements with ASEAN, India.
Agricultural Sector:
- At CIIT meetings, Mr. Hoback has a particular interest in protecting the interests of the agricultural sector in Canada.
U.K.'s accession into CPTPP:
- During a CIIT meeting in May 2022, Mr. Hoback want assurances from the department that they will not approve U.K.'s accession into CPTPP until Canada have a bilateral agreement with the UK in place at this point in time.
Canadian Natural Gas:
- Mr. Hoback promotes the exploitation of Canadian natural gas to replace Europe's independence from Russian gas.
Critical of progressive trade objectives:
- Hoback is generally skeptical about the effectiveness of progressive trade objectives in trade agreements.
Softwood lumber:
- At CIIT meetings, Mr. Hoback regularly asks questions regarding the protection of the softwood lumber industry.
Ukraine:
- Since the beginning of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Mr. Hoback has repeatedly spoken out at CIIT meetings in support of Canada's support for the supply of arms and equipment to Ukraine, as well as the trade issues posed by the conflict between Canada and Ukraine.
Heather McPherson
NDP – RIDING (PR)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2019
- Re-elected: 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Bachelor's degree in Secondary Education and teaching (English Major) and a Master's degree in Theoretical, Culture and International Studies in Education.
- Cooperation: Volunteer Team Leader Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (2001 – 2003); Program Officer at the Canada World Youth (2003 – 2007); Executive Director Alberta Council for Global Cooperation (2008 – 2019)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Critic: Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (2019 – Present)
- Deputy Whip of the N.D.P. (2021 – Present)
- Deputy Critic: Canadian Heritage (2021 – Present)
- Parliamentary Association Vice-Chair: Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association (2020 – Present)
- Parliamentary Association Member: Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association (2019 – 2021); Canada-Ireland Interparliamentary Group (2019 – 2021); Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association (2019 – 2021); Canadian Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (2019 – 2021); Canadian Section of ParlAmericas (2019 – 2021); Canadian Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2019 – 2021)
- Former N.D.P. Deputy House Leader (2019 – 2021)
Committee membership
- Vice-Chair: Special Committee on the Canada–People’s Republic of China Relationship (2022 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2021 – Present); Special Committee on the Canada–People’s Republic of China Relationship (2022 – Present)
- Former Member: Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage (2020 – 2021)
Points of interest to GAC
Nord Stream 1 Gas Turbine:
- During a House statement on behalf of the NDP in June 2022, MP McPherson strongly criticized the government's decision to allow the Nord Stream 1 turbines to be sent to Germany and returned to Russia and urge the Liberal government to reverse this decision.
Russia/Ukraine:
- At the May 3, 2022 SDIR session MP McPherson has been very critical of the Russian government and their alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity in Ukraine, which she has characterized as such.
Afghanistan: Women/Girl
- MP McPherson has been a strong voice on Afghanistan, especially on women and girls in the region. She tweeted on December 16, 2021: “I am completely devastated by this news. A 10-year-old girl, a child, died because her family supported the Canadian military and Canada did not protect them. The Liberals have failed this girl, this family, and all the Afghans who have been abandoned.”
Development:
- MP McPherson has also repeatedly raised Canada’s official development assistance at both FAAE and SDIR. For example, at the November 26, 2020 SDIR meeting, she stated that “Canada has not played a strong enough role in development” and asked witnesses to speak to the importance of humanitarian aid.
Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights:
- During the April 25, 2022 FAAE meeting on Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights, MP McPherson was very critical of AstraZeneca and Pfizer for their COVID-19 vaccine procurement practices and asked “when will it be enough money for you” that vaccines could be provided without cost and pointed to Pfizer’s $37 billion profit for their COVID-19 vaccine.
Robert Oliphant
LPC – DON VALLEY WEST (ON)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2008
- Re-elected: 2011, 2015, 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Bachelor's degree in Trade, Master's degree in Theology and a PhD Theological
- Religion: Minister at the Quyon United Church (1984 – 1986); Associate Minister at the Timothy Eaton Memorial Church (1984 – 1986); Interim Senior Minister at the Bloor Street United Church (1991 – 1993); Minister at the Whitehorse United Church (1991 – 1993); Minister at the Eglinton St. George's United Church (1999 – 2008)
- Management: President and CEO at the Asthma Society of Canada (2011 – 2015)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Parliamentary Secretary: Minister of Foreign Affairs (2019 – 2021)
- Parliamentary Association Vice-Chair: Canada-Africa Parliamentary Association (2022 – Present)
- Parliamentary Association Member: Canada-China Legislative Association (2015 – Present); Canada-Germany Interparliamentary Group (2016 – Present); Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association (2015 – Present); Canada- France Inter-Parliamentary Association (2018 – Present); Canada-Ireland Interparliamentary Group (2016 – Present); Canada-Israel Interparliamentary Group (2015 – Present); Canada-Italy Interparliamentary Group (2016 – Present); Canada-Japan Inter-Parliamentary Group (2016 – Present); Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association (2015 – Present); Canadian Branch of the Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie (2020 – Present); Canadian Branch of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (2015 – Present); Canada-United States Inter- Parliamentary Group (2015 – Present); Canadian Section of ParlAmericas (2015 – Present); Canada-United Kingdom Inter-Parliamentary Association (2017 – Present); Canadian Delegation to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly (2015 – Present); Canadian Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2016 – Present)
- Former Critic: Citizenship and Immigration (Multiculturalism) (2010 – 2011); Veterans Affairs (2009 – 2010)
Committee membership
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2019 – Present); Special Committee on the Canada–People’s Republic of China Relationship (2022 – Present)
- Former Chair: Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration (2017 – 2019); Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security (2016 – 2017)
- Former Vice-Chair: Standing Committee on Veterans Affairs (2009 – 2010)
Points of interest to GAC
China:
- At FAAE on May 5, 2022, PS Oliphant voted in favour of MP Chong’s motion regarding the Sino-Tibetan dialogue, that Canada should support the facilitation of negotiations between the People’s Republic of China and the Central Tibetan Administration, while adding an amendment to “[enable] Tibet to exercise genuine autonomy within the framework of the Chinese”.
Ukraine:
- During a FAAE meeting in May 2022, PS Oliphant strongly condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine, calling it ”barbaric” and stated that Canada will continue to stand in solidarity with Ukraine.
Afghanistan:
- On January 1, 2021, PS Oliphant tweeted: “Canada and Canadians cannot and will not abandon the Afghan people. Despite the tremendous challenges on the ground, we continue to get humanitarian assistance through using trusted multilateral partners.”
Nuclear Disarmament:
- In a Global Affairs Canada news release from January 6, 2021, Parliamentary Secretary Oliphant reaffirmed support for advancing non-proliferation and disarmament during the third meeting of foreign ministers of the Stockholm Initiative for Nuclear Disarmament.
Canada’s Foreign Policy Model :
- PS Oliphant frequently defends Canada’s foreign policy model, stating it “is based on renewing a rules-based international order that Canadians have built together, protecting universal human rights, supporting democracies,” and noting “We are a leader in the world on critical issues, whether it is in Venezuela, or in the Middle East or in China, all around the world. We will continue to stand with our allies, with NATO partners, as we continue to ensure Canada's leadership is strong and heard in our world with allies and like-minded who work with us.”
Other interests
Disabilities and the LGBTQ+ Community :
- He has been vocal on issues of support for people living with disabilities, the LGBTQ+ community, and encouraging multiculturalism.
Randeep Sarai
LPC – SURREY CENTRE (BC)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2015
- Re-elected: 2019, 2021
Professional background
- Bucket 1: Bachelor's degree in Political Science and Government and a Bachelor's degree in Law
- Law: Lawyer at Sarai & Associates (2002 – 2005); Lawyer at TDS Lawyers (2014 – 2015)
- Administration: Officer at Alpenglow Development (2005 – 2009); Vice President - Loan Remediation at Sprott Resource Lending (2008 – 2011); Principal of the Sarai Group of Companies (2006 – Present)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Nil.
Committee membership
- Chair: Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights (2021 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2021 – Present); Liaison Committee (2021 – Present); Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights (2021 – Present)
- Former Member: Standing Committee on International Trade (2020 – 2021); Standing Committee on Public Accounts (2018 – 2019); Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration (2016 – 2019)
Points of interest to GAC
Ukraine: Human Rights
- At SDIR on May 3, 2022, MP Sarai underlined the “egregious” and “appalling” human rights violations in Ukraine, including “war crimes and crimes against humanity that were being committed by Russian forces against civilians”.
China: Human Rights
- At FAAE on March 28, 2022, MP Sarai questioned departmental officials on the upcoming trip by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, to China and her expected report on the current human rights situation in Xinjiang.
Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights :
- During the April 25, 2022 FAAE meeting on Vaccine Equity and Intellectual Property Rights, MP Sarai questioned the effectiveness of a TRIPS waiver at the WTO, given there is insufficient manufacturing capacity for a waiver to be practical.
- MP Sarai has raised multiple time the issue regarding the inequities of vaccination and the socioeconomic impact that vaccine inequality presents worldwide.
Organ Trafficking:
- MP Sarai made statements regarding international organ trafficking, voicing his support for Bill S-204, An Act to Amend the Criminal Code and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (trafficking in human organs) during its second reading.
Other interests
Climate Change:
- MP Sarai frequently raised concerns about climate change, and the need for more sustainable and green processes.
Sameer Zuberi
LPC – PIERREFONDS – DOLLARD (QC)
Election to the house of commons
- First elected: 2019
- Re-elected: 2021
Professional background
- Studies: Bachelor's degree in Pure and Applied Mathematics and a Bachelor's degree in Law
- Law: Legal Researcher at Law Office Montreal (2010 – 2012)
- Administration: Diversity & Engagement Officer at the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University (2016 – 2019)
- Military: Reservist in the Canadian Armed Forces Reserves (1997 – 2002)
Political and parliamentary roles
- Nil.
Committee membership
- Chair: Subcommittee on International Human Rights of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2022 – Present)
- Vice-Chair: Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations (2022 – Present)
- Member: Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (2022 – Present); Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations (2020 – Present)
- Former Member: Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security (2021 – 2022); Standing Committee on Veterans Affairs (2021); Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights (2020 – 2021); Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations (2020 – 2021)
Points of interest to GAC
Ukraine:
- On March 24, 2022, at a FAAE meeting, MP Zuberi asked whether Canada is working with our allies to create an off- ramp for Vladimir Putin that allows him to save face to end the conflict.
- On May 6, 2022, MP Zuberi met with Canada’s Ambassador to the UN to discuss the human rights situation in Ukraine.
Russia:
- On Twitter, MP Zuberi has condemned Russian action to silence independent journalism within the country.
- At SDIR’s last meeting, MP Zuberi asked witnesses to provide examples of Russia’s violations of international obligations and human rights abuses.
China: Uyghurs
- MP Zuberi repeatedly condemned China's actions against the Uyghur minority at FAAE meetings and supported the use of Magnitsky sanctions to target those responsible for these crimes.
Other interests
Diversity and Inclusion:
- MP Zuberi is a strong advocate for diversity and inclusion and is very vocal about it in his statement to House and during his various appearances in committees.
Sanctions in Response to the Russian Invasion in Ukraine
- Canada’s sanctions measures are unprecedented both in scale and the level of coordination with international partners.
- The impacts of being sanctioned are clear and significant: Russia is facing unprecedented global isolation, those closely associated with the Putin regime are prevented from accessing our financial system, the Russian economy has been rendered unstable and its ability to wage war in Ukraine is undermined.
- These sanctions measures are taken in concert with likeminded countries, drastically reducing the opportunity for those sanctioned to conduct prohibited activities and impeding their ability to support Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Supplementary Messages
- Sanctions have a strong impact on the Russian economy and are a powerful symbol of Canada’s commitment to Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
- Canada intends to continue increasing the pressure against Russia via economic measures and address any loopholes, working with Ukraine and like-minded partners and allies to apply more sanctions in the future to further restrict Russia’s ability to wage war.
Update
Canada’s most recent sanctions actions were implemented on April 5, 2023 and targeted Russian companies that provide services to Russia’s military and the senior management of these firms. It included Volga-Dnepr, a Russian air cargo company that has an airplane grounded at Toronto Pearson airport. Canada also listed an additional nine banks in Belarus that help Russia evade sanctions. Canada has recently banned the direct import of Russian steel and aluminum imports, targeted Russian disinformation and propaganda actors and implemented the Oil Price Cap.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- Since February 2022, Canada has sanctioned over 1800 individuals and entities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus and more than 2400 since 2014.
Ukraine - International Security, Humanitarian and Development Programming
- Canada’s security, humanitarian and development assistance to Ukraine is an investment in a more stable, democratic and accountable world.
- Canada’s support aims for the greatest impact in response to Ukraine’s evolving needs.
- Russia’s invasion has weaponized sectors like food, energy, and information. Canada’s programming mitigates impacts on the most vulnerable populations, in Ukraine and worldwide.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada’s support is part of our commitment to Ukraine’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence.
- Canada’s development support is true to our core principles of inclusive governance, growth that works for everyone, and gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.
- Canada closely coordinates our security, humanitarian, and development support with G7 and other partners.
- Canada’s assistance supports international and Ukrainian institutions to pursue justice for war crimes and other violations of international law.
Update
In Budget 2023, allocations include a $2.4 billion loan via the IMF Administered Account for Ukraine, $200 million in 2022-23 to the Department of National Defence (for donations of existing Canadian Armed Forces military equipment, including eight previously announced Leopard 2 main battle tanks), and $171.4 million over three years to extend the Canada-Ukraine authorization for emergency travel.
Budget 2023 announced $84.8 million for GAC from internal reference levels to fund international assistance support to Ukraine, including humanitarian assistance, mental health support, demining, agriculture, and other priority areas. No additional incremental funding was allocated to GAC at this time.
Supporting Facts and Figures
From January 2022 to March 2023, GAC has committed $320 million in humanitarian assistance, $96 million in development assistance, and over $81 million in security and stabilization assistance to support Ukraine.
Canada’s humanitarian assistance is aligned with the UN’s Humanitarian Response Plan and includes support for emergency health interventions, protection services, and essentials such as shelter, water, sanitation, and food. Canada has also committed $96 million in development assistance funding, including $52 million for grain storage and $35 million to support Ukraine’s government and civil society.
Canada’s over $81 million in security and stabilization programming supports civil society and human rights organizations, the security sector, mine action, accountability for human rights violations, including conflict-related and sexual violence, and countering Russian disinformation.
Afghanistan – Recent Engagement and Policy Developments
- The recent ban on women working for the United Nations is an affront to human rights, and yet another egregious step by the Taliban to eliminate women from public life.
- Canada has been consistently outspoken on the attack on women’s rights; we have been a leading voice calling on the Taliban to honour Afghanistan’s international human rights obligations.
- If adopted, Bill C-41, which the Government recently tabled, will facilitate lifesaving work in Afghanistan by Canadian organizations.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada stands by the United Nations and the courageous work its staff does every day on the ground in Afghanistan.
- Our commitment to resettle at least 40,000 Afghans is one of the most generous in the world. Over 30,000 Afghans have now been resettled in Canada.
- Canada continues to provide humanitarian assistance, support basic services and support the rights of all Afghans, including those of women and girls and religious and ethnic minorities.
Background
Canada’s Special Representative for Afghanistan, based in Doha, coordinates with other countries to ensure a united international response to the crisis in Afghanistan. The Special Representative has been advocating for human rights, and particularly women’s and girls’ rights, in his diplomatic engagements. Canada is also actively engaged through a variety of diplomatic and international assistance channels, including as Chair of the United Nations Group of Friends of Afghanistan, as an active voice at the United Nations Human Rights Council, and as an active member of the Afghanistan Coordination Group. Canada has committed to resettle at least 40,000 vulnerable Afghan nationals to Canada. More than 30,000 Afghan refugees have arrived in Canada since the start of the Special Immigration Measures programs. Canada provided $143M in humanitarian assistance in 2022.
The Taliban has consolidated power and has continued to introduce severe restrictions for women and girls in Afghanistan, including requirements for women to travel only with a male-relative as chaperone, and bans to attend university and work for non-governmental organizations, including the United Nations. These developments have significantly altered the diplomatic and policy contexts. The Taliban remain a listed terrorist entity under the Criminal Code, making it complex to carry out humanitarian and development activities in Afghanistan. Bill C-41 would amend the Criminal Code to facilitate Canada's international assistance and safe passage efforts in Afghanistan by establishing a regime that would allow authorizations to be granted to shield organizations and individuals from criminal liability while carrying out these activities.
Recent Diplomatic Engagement with China
- The Indo-Pacific Strategy provides a clear framework for how we will engage China over the long-term.
- Canada will continue to seek frank and open dialogue with China, and maintain open channels of communication at all levels, to ensure clarity about our respective positions.
- Canada will challenge China when we ought to, and co-operate with China when we are able to.
Supplementary Messages
- Foreign interference: I raised the issue of foreign interference with my counterpart Qin Gang at the G20 in March, where I told him that we would never tolerate any form of foreign interference in our democracy and internal affairs.
- Taiwan: We continue to oppose unilateral actions that threaten the status quo in the Taiwan Strait.
- Russia-Ukraine: We continue to impress upon China the necessity of playing a more constructive role to end Russia’s brutal and illegal invasion of Ukraine.
- Human rights: Canada continues to engage the Chinese government at the highest levels regarding the human rights situation in Xinjiang, where credible accounts of human rights abuse and crimes against humanity are well documented.
Update
Minister Joly held an informal meeting with PRC Foreign Minister Qin Gang on the margins of the G20 Foreign Ministers Meeting on March 2, 2023. This was Minister Joly’s first interaction with Foreign Minister Qin following his appointment on December 30, 2022. They discussed bilateral relations, consular issues, the incident of the Chinese surveillance balloon over North American airspace, the war in Ukraine, and alleged Chinese interference in Canadian elections. Before that, her last interaction with former PRC Foreign Minister Wang Yi took place on the margins of the G20 Summit on November 15, 2022, during which she raised the war in Ukraine, North Korea, COP15, and alleged Chinese foreign interference.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- PRC Ministry of Commerce Vice Minister Wang Shouwen visited Canada on February 16-17. He held a bilateral meeting with DMT/Rob Stewart, and had a brief pull-aside with USS/David Morrison. This was the first bilateral visit to Canada by a senior PRC official since the release of Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor.
- China is Canada’s third largest merchandise export market (*second largest bilateral), with 4.3% of total exports in 2022, well behind the U.S. (90.3%) and just behind the EU-27 (5.4%). In 2022, Canada’s exports to China totaled $28.7 billion, 2% higher than 2021. Imports from China totaled $100.0 billion in 2022, 16.4% higher than 2021. Canada’s trade deficit with China ($71.4 billion) in 2022 was 23.3% higher than 2021.
- According to a December 2021 poll by the Angus Reid Institute, only one-in-six (16%) Canadians say they hold favourable views of China. Three-quarters of Canadians want Canada to prioritize human rights and the rule of law in dealings with China. A November 2022 poll from Nanos Research found that more than 84 percent of Canadians believe that China has a negative influence on world affairs.
Human Rights: Hong Kong, Tibet, Xinjiang and Forced Labour
- The human rights situation in China remains of grave concern to Canada and Canadians, especially that of Chinese people in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hong Kong.
- In multilateral fora, as well as in bilateral discussions, Canada has consistently called on the Chinese Government to respect human rights.
- The Government of Canada expects Canadian companies operating abroad to abide by all relevant laws, to respect human rights in their operations, and to ensure that their supply chains are free of products made by forced labour.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada’s concerns on the situations in Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang include the erosion of the One Country, Two Systems framework in Hong Kong, strict controls on Tibetans, and the possible crimes against humanity against Uyghurs and other ethnic and religious minorities in Xinjiang.
- In response to the imposition and implementation of the National Security Law (NSL) in Hong Kong in June 2020, Canada suspended its extradition agreement with Hong Kong, implemented export controls, and updated the department’s travel advice and advisory for Hong Kong.
- In support of Hong Kongers facing the difficult decision to leave their homeland, Canada implemented new immigration measures for Hong Kong residents including expanded permanent residency pathways and extension of the Hong Kong work permit public policy by two years.
- Canada has expressed concern over the NSL in Hong Kong, which has been used by Beijing to suppress political expression and erode the rights and freedoms of the Hong Kong people, thereby breaking promises made under the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ framework.
- Canada is deeply disturbed by the nature and scale of the human rights violations affecting Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities in Xinjiang, China.
- The UN assessment on the situation in Xinjiang found credible accounts of human rights violations that may constitute international crimes, in particular crimes against humanity.
- It is imperative that the international community work together to ensure that the fundamental human rights of Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities in China are respected.
- This includes urging the Government of China to uphold its international human rights obligations and fully implement the recommendations of the OHCHR assessment, as well as taking active steps to end the practice of refoulement of ethnic Uyghurs to the People’s Republic of China.
- Responsive Only – Uyghur Genocide: The legal determination of whether a situation constitutes genocide must be done by a competent international or national court or tribunal. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations tasked with adjudicating international legal disputes, including on questions of State responsibility for internationally wrongful acts such as genocide.
- Canada is also deeply concerned over the credible reports of forced labour in Xinjiang. In response, Canada introduced a suite of commercial measures in January 2021. Most recently, on April 6, 2022, Canada released a commissioned report outlining not only the risks but potential due diligence strategies for Canadian companies to consider.
- Eradicating forced labour in Canadian supply chains from Xinjiang is a complex problem requiring considerable work by governments and industry. Goods produced by forced labour are prohibited by law from entering into Canada. Canada continues its work to effectively operationalize enforcement of the import prohibition.
- Budget 2023 also announced the federal government's intention to introduce legislation by 2024 to eradicate forced labour from Canadian supply chains, and to strengthen the import ban on goods produced using forced labour.
- There are ongoing reports of the human rights violations against Tibetans and Tibetan religious leaders. We call on the Government of China to take steps toward better respecting the human rights of Tibetans, including the freedom of expression and the freedom of religion or belief, as well as to protect the linguistic and cultural rights of Tibetans.
- Canada supports and advocates for substantive and meaningful dialogue between the Chinese government and the Dalai Lama or representatives of the Tibetan people to work toward a resolution of issues acceptable to both sides.
Canada-Taiwan – Bilateral Relations
- Canada remains committed to upholding its longstanding One China Policy.
- Under this policy, Canada will continue to advance economic, cultural and people-to-people ties with Taiwan.
- Foreign investment is an important driver of Canada’s economy and will be critical in our continuing economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Canada and Taiwan have a robust economic relationship built on shared values and people-to-people ties.
- Taiwan is Canada’s fifth largest merchandise trading partner in Asia.
- The negotiation of a new investment arrangement between Canada and Taiwan will create even more avenues for collaboration, sustainable growth and good jobs.
Background: Since 1970, Canada’s One China policy has recognized the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as the sole legitimate government of China, noting – but not endorsing nor challenging – the Chinese government’s position on Taiwan. Although Canada does not have official, government-to-government relations with Taiwan, our shared interests are extensive, and we have been able to maintain unofficial but valuable economic, cultural and people-to-people ties with Taiwan. It has been Canada’s practice to avoid any actions or statements that could imply recognition of Taiwan as a sovereign country.
The Canadian Trade Office in Taipei: Canada is represented in Taiwan by the Canadian Trade Office in Taipei, a locally incorporated entity staffed by Government of Canada employees. CTOT has Canada-based and locally-engaged staff in three main sections: Trade and Investment; Political, Economic and Public Affairs; and Administration and Consular Services. Also present is the Province of Alberta. Quebec closed its office within the CTOT in 2014.
The CTOT facilitates cooperation with Taiwan on trade and investment, science and technology, foreign and public policy issues, education and youth exchanges, arts and cultural industries, and Indigenous affairs. Consular and citizenship services are provided to an estimated 53,000 Canadian residents. With Air Canada’s resumption of direct flights between Vancouver and Taipei on March 2022, travellers in both directions, whether for business, education, tourism or other reasons reached record numbers prior to the onset of the pandemic. The latest statistics from Taiwan indicate 10,042 Canadians visited Taiwan in 2020. Meanwhile, 2,156 Taiwanese tourists visited Canada in 2023 (Statistics Canada).
Canada-Taiwan Economic Consultations: Canada and Taiwan hold annual economic consultations (led at the ADM-level on the Canadian side and Vice-Minister level on the Taiwanese side) which allow for senior officials to proactively engage on bilateral irritants and seek out new areas for cooperation. On February 7, 2023, MINT spoke with Taiwan’s Chief Trade Representative John Deng agreed to begin formal negotiations on a Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Arrangement (FIPA). FIPA is part of Canada’s effort to create a stable, rules-based investment environment for Canadian businesses investing abroad and for foreign businesses investing in Canada.
Culture: Canada and Taiwan have a long and rich history of cultural exchanges. In 2022, the CTOT organized the Persistence/Resistance: Taiwan – Canada Indigenous Arts Festival at the Tainan Art Museum. Following extensive cultural consultations across Taiwan in late 2020, CTOT’s latest initiative in cultural diplomacy is the Festival of Canadian Arts and Culture (FESTICA), launched in September 2023 to promote Canadian arts and artists and to advance Canadian values and Government of Canada priorities. Over the next 18 months, FESTICA will feature more than 20 productions across a wide range of disciplines, from films to performing arts and literature, allowing Canadian arts and culture to shine in Taiwan like rarely before. Canada enjoys a positive image in the area of culture in Taiwan with Canadian artists seen as both innovative and international, and their work is often featured in major festivals.
Immigration and Visas: According to Taiwan’s Overseas Community Affairs Council, there are around 186,000 Canadians of Taiwanese descent (2019) living in Canada. However, Taiwan no longer represents a significant source of immigrants to Canada. In November 2010, Canada lifted the visa requirement for ordinary Taiwan passport-holders who wish to visit Canada for tourism, to study (up to six months), or to do business. In November 2013, a Visa Application Centre (VAC) opened in Taipei to accept applications for study and work permits, visitor visas (temporary resident visas), and travel documents for permanent residents.
Indigenous Affairs: With sizeable Indigenous populations, Canada and Taiwan share common interests with regard to Indigenous issues and boast strong people-to-people linkages between Indigenous communities. On December 10, 2021, Canada endorsed the Indigenous Peoples Economic and Trade Cooperation Arrangement (IPETCA) – a non-binding arrangement with Australia, New Zealand and Chinese Taipei to identify and remove barriers that Indigenous businesses face in international trade.
Cross-Strait Tensions: Mainland China and Taiwan have been administered separately since 1949, when the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan following its defeat in the Chinese Civil War. Beijing continues to view Taiwan as an inalienable part of its territory that must eventually be reunified with the mainland. While peaceful reunification remains its preferred outcome, Beijing has explicitly refused to renounce the use of force in the event Taiwan moves toward formal independence or indefinite separation from the mainland. A majority of Taiwan’s population support a broadly-defined “status quo” in cross-strait relations and place great value on Taiwan’s distinct socio-political identity and democratic political system.
Regional Maritime Tensions (South China Sea, East China Sea)
- Concerned about China’s escalatory and destabilizing actions in the East and South China Seas.
- Canada reiterates the need for all involved parties to comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in the matter of the 2016 South China Sea Arbitration.
- Canada stands with its allies and like-minded partners in defending the rules-based international order, which underpins global security, stability, and prosperity.
Supplementary Messages
- We recognize that China’s “nine-dash line” is highly contested by many states in the region and does not create an environment conducive to negotiation or the peaceful resolution of disputes.
- Canada generally does not take positions with respect to foreign maritime disputes but opposes all unilateral actions that escalate tensions and undermine regional stability and the rules-based international order.
Update
The Royal Canadian Navy vessel HMCS Montreal is currently en route to the Indo-Pacific, delivering on a key commitment in the Indo-Pacific Strategy to deploy a third warship to the region annually. While deployed, the frigate will carry out a number of activities in the East and South China Seas, including joint exercises with allied and partner navies, port visits and monitoring evasion of UN Security Council sanctions against North Korea. These activities will contribute to upholding the rule of law and maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific region.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- In July 2022, Canada joined the U.S., Australia, Japan, the Philippines and other partners in issuing a public statement reaffirming the importance of the July 2016 judgment by the UNCLOS tribunal on the lawfulness of certain Chinese claims in the South China Sea.
Background
Regional tensions have heightened as China continues to pursue a more assertive policy to advance its maritime and territorial claims in the East and South China Seas through repeated entries by naval, coast guard and militia vessels in disputed waters. Canada works with G7 and other partners to call on China to cease its coercive behaviour and to abide by the 2016 ruling by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal. In September 2022, HMCS Vancouver sailed through the Taiwan Strait with a U.S. Navy vessel while navigating from the South China Sea to the East China Sea to participate in a multinational effort to counter North Korea’s evasion of UN Security Council sanctions. The joint sail was consistent with international law, including UNCLOS, and took place where the high seas freedom of navigation regime applies.
Situation in Sudan – Background
Description of Conflict
The fall of President Omar al Bashir in a popular uprising in 2019 led to the establishment of a joint transitional government between civilians and the military, led on the military side by the head of the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, as the Head of State, and Lt. General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as ‘Hemedti’, as his deputy. Hemedti retained control of the paramilitary group, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). On October 25, 2021, the Sudanese military unconstitutionally dismissed the country’s civilian transitional government.
The military coup was greeted by widespread international condemnation and sparked persistent street protests.
Since January 2022, there have been on again/off again consultations on a political process for a return to civilian rule. On December 5, 2022, the military and a civilian bloc signed a Framework Political Agreement (FPA) which was to address several sensitive topics, including security sector and military reform. Particularly contentious was the question of integrating the RSF into the SAF, including how long the process should take and what command structure would apply to an integrated force.
On April 15, 2023, a direct confrontation began between the SAF and RSF in Khartoum and several locations throughout the country. Neither side appears willing to consider negotiations, and both have sufficient supplies to continue fighting for weeks. Civilians have not been targeted, although they have been caught in the crossfire. Civilians are sheltering in place or travelling by road away from the fighting, with limited access to food, fuel and water. The main airport in Khartoum is closed and occupied by the RSF. The two sides agreed to a cease fire that started on April 24th, but was never full respected and had broken down completely by April 30th with significant fighting reported in Khartoum and Darfur.
With its strategic location straddling the boundary between sub-Saharan Africa and northern Africa and the Gulf, Sudan is a key regional actor with political links with surrounding countries, notably Egypt, Libya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Central African Republic, and Chad, as well as the Gulf countries. On April 16, the African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council announced that the AU Chairperson would travel to Sudan to facilitate dialogue. That same day, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) announced it would send Presidents Kiir (South Sudan), Ruto (Kenya), and Guelleh (Djibouti) to reconcile the conflicting groups. Most recently, IGAD announced that President Kiir would host mediation talks in South Sudan. The collapse of the ceasefire and renewed fighting on April 30 has dashed these hopes.
A Quartet of international actors (US, UK, Norway, Saudi Arabia) provide support to the transition process in Sudan and negotiated the first and second 72-hour ceasefires. The US announced plans to establish a broader committee to support a return to the transitional political process, although the commitment of the SAF and RSF to military victory has kept this US intervention stalled. Russia has sometimes played a spoiler role as it seeks a naval base in Sudan; the Wagner Group provides support to the RSF (although this is likely limited in scope).
Embassy of Canada to Sudan
After the fall of President Bashir, Canada announced its intent to deploy an Ambassador (the mission had previously been headed by a Chargé d’affaires) and a new bilateral development program. The mission in Khartoum hosted 6 CBS (2 dependents) and 12 LES. Of the CBS and dependents, 6 were in-country and 2 were outside the country when fighting broke out. On April 22, all 6 were evacuated and a temporary suspension of operations at the Khartoum Mission was announced. Over the week that followed, the Canadian Armed Forces evacuated hundreds of Canadians, permanent residents, locally-engaged embassy staff and others on six flights before security constraints closed the airfield on April 29. On April 30, the Government of Sudan announced plans to temporarily relocate the capital for a three-month period to Port Sudan, a major commercial hub on the Red Sea with good port facilities and an airport.
Impact on Civilians
The death toll (civilian and military) reportedly exceeds 500, with another 3700 people injured (likely an underestimate), including the death of three World Food Programme (WFP) employees and the injury of two others. The April 30 resurgence of military action, including air bombardment, puts civilians at greater risks, exacerbated by widespread power and water outages, and many people are unable to leave their homes to purchase food, water, and fuel. There are increasing reports of looting of private homes and violence and sexual assaults against civilians, diplomats, and humanitarian staff.
Canada’s International Assistance to Sudan:
Following the uprising in 2019, and prior to the outbreak of the current violence, Canada was providing humanitarian assistance, development, and peace and security programming in Sudan. In 2021-22, Canada’s international assistance delivered through organizations active in Sudan totaled CAD $82.32 million. Of this amount, Canada provided $43.08 in humanitarian assistance funding to meet the lifesaving needs of crisis-affected populations in Sudan -particularly internally displaced persons, refugees, women and girls. Canada’s development assistance totalled approximately $16M and worked to improve access to education, strengthen sexual and reproductive health and rights, support women’s economic empowerment and reinforce the resilience of the poorest and most marginalized. Canada’s peace and security funding has contributed to peacebuilding efforts and Canada’s Women, Peace and Security thematic funding has been supporting a regional initiative that aims to promote a conducive environment receptive to women’s inclusion in decision-making processes.
Assessments of the impacts of the fighting on international assistance programming are still being undertaken, but early reports indicate that activities have been severely interrupted due to widespread insecurity and the evacuation of large numbers of program staff. In Khartoum, many have lost power and water, and looting has been reported, including of warehouses holding critically needed aid, and offices of agencies like the World Food Program and UNICEF.
GAC officials are monitoring the situation, assessing impact and investigating options for Canadian assistance.
Situation in Sudan – Key Messages
- The Government of Canada condemns the ongoing violence between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces.
- Canada continues to call for an end to violence and stands with the Sudanese people as they strive for peace.
- We urge all parties to agree to and respect an immediate ceasefire and to engage in mediation efforts supported by regional partners that promote dialogue and a lasting peace.
- We are deeply saddened by the casualties and injuries to civilians this fighting has caused and stand with the people of Sudan in their demand for a peaceful and democratic future.
- The Government of Canada evacuation flights have ended. Close to 540 people have been evacuated by Canadian evacuation flights. Of these people, approximately 175 are Canadians and permanent residents.
- The Government of Canada takes the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provides credible and timely information in its Travel Advice and Advisories.
- Due to armed conflict, civil unrest and the volatile security situation, Global Affairs Canada is now advising Canadians to avoid all travel to Sudan.
- Canadian officials continue to reach out to Canadians affected by the situation to offer information and advice.
Responsive Only:
- Given the current exceptional circumstances in Sudan, Canada has extended limited assistance to permanent residents, and their family members to leave Sudan to a nearby location.
Canada’s Humanitarian Response to Conflict in Sudan – Key Messages
Humanitarian needs in Sudan had already reached historically high levels:
- Driven by rapidly rising food insecurity, displacement arising from localized conflict and economic effects tied to climate-induced shocks, the UN estimated USD 1.7 billion was required to support 12.5 million people.
The recent fighting has severely exacerbated needs and vulnerability:
- Over 500 people have been killed and at least 4,000 others have been injured (as of 25 April). At least 55 hospitals across the country have closed
- Partners are reporting acute shortages of food, water, medicines and fuel across the country, as well as increased risk of sexual and gender-based violence
- Internal displacement is increasing, and changing – according to IOM, approximately 75,000 IDPs have been displaced across Sudan
- Refugee flows are increasing, including into already-insecure neighbouring states –with estimates of over 60,000 people displaced across borders to date (as of 29 April):
- Up to 42,000 people displaced to Chad.
- Over 5,200 people displaced to South Sudan.
- Up to 2000 people displaced to Central African Republic.
- Over 14,000 people displaced to Egypt, according to its foreign ministry.
- At least 2,000 people displaced to Ethiopia.
- A full assessment of needs resulting from the conflict remains impossible given ongoing hostilities.
However, existing humanitarian operations have been interrupted by the ongoing hostilities:
- Humanitarians have been directly affected by the conflict – at least 18 humanitarian and health workers have lost their lives. Some UN and NGO staff (and/or their dependents) have been evacuated.
- UN, Red Cross and NGO partners have reported widespread looting of their operations and warehouses, and the conflict is affecting mobility. Most humanitarian operations across the country have been suspended due to restricted movements.
- More than 250 UN programs have reported a partial reduction or complete pause on activities; UNHCR has ceased activities in Khartoum, across Darfur and in the Kordofans; WFP’s operations were temporarily suspended, affecting the planned support to 7.6M people in 2023, however as of May 1st, this suspension has been lifted and WFP will resume food assistance in areas such as Gedaref, Gezira, Kassala and White Nile.
- UN leadership is travelling to the region to engage directly on the Sudan crisis. UN Humanitarian Affairs chief Martin Griffiths is in the area and UN DSG is in Ethiopia where it is expected that Sudan will be discussed.
Humanitarian partners are preparing for various scenarios:
- A lasting ceasefire or cessation of hostilities will allow humanitarian partners to resume operations:
- Rapid and coordinated needs assessments will be required
- Scale up of activities will be impacted by a reduced operational footprint due to staff evacuations
- Immediate response needs will include flexible financing, surge of personnel, rapid procurement of food and other humanitarian stocks (including to address impact of looting)
- Ongoing hostilities: will further curtail humanitarian access and lead to increased refugee flows.
- Limited ability to scale up operations in Sudan, and increased reliance on partners such as the ICRC and MSF to access difficult to reach populations
- Refugee and/or returnee flows to neighbouring countries expected to increase significantly, requiring a regional response. Humanitarian partners, such as WFP and UNHCR are prepositioning supplies and working with local authorities on preparedness.
In this context, Canada continues to provide humanitarian support through a coordinated humanitarian system that is well-placed to deliver life-saving assistance where and when conditions permit:
Canada is working with partners and like-minded stakeholders to support a coordinated response:
- A pre-positioned officer in Ethiopia has allowed for timely and effective coordination with regional partners
- Field and capital outreach is ongoing to understand needs and the impact of hostilities on partner operations
- Donor coordination is ongoing.
Our flexible funding will allow partners to respond to evolving needs in Sudan:
- [UNANNOUNCED] To date in 2023, Canada has allocated $30.65 million in humanitarian assistance to UN, Red Cross and NGO partners in Sudan, including:
- $14.5 million to WFP to provide food assistance and support the critical logistics work of the UN Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS)
- $3 million to UNICEF to address acute malnutrition in children and pregnant and lactating women
- $3.5 million to the Country Based Pooled Fund for a flexible response to address needs of communities, including through local organizations.
- $9.65 mill to other partners: UNHCR, OCHA, ICRC, ACF Canada, CARE Canada, Development and Peace and Save the Children Canada
- MHD will work with partners to ensure funds can be pivoted to address evolving needs and sustain the humanitarian response to the extent feasible as the situation evolves.
… And in the region:
- [UNANNOUNCED] Flexible funding to humanitarian partners in neighboring countries - South Sudan ($31.12M), Ethiopia ($52.3M), Chad ($8.15M), and the Central African Republic ($10M) - will allow partners to pivot operations to help support the needs of refugees, returnees and host communities affected by the conflict.
- Flexible funding at the regional level to UNHCR ($5M), ICRC ($5.35M) and OCHA ($0.5M), will also help support the humanitarian response adapt and scale-up efforts as the situation evolves in and around Sudan.
We are positioned to support a rapid scale up of operations, if and when it is required:
- Canada’s contributions to global pooled funds including the UN Central Emergency Fund, the WFP Immediate Response Account and the WHO Contingency Fund for Emergencies allow for a rapid influx of funds and scale up of the UN-led humanitarian response.
- On 26 April, the CERF released a USD 3M allocation to for an urgent response to the arrival of Sudanese refugees and others in Chad.
- The Sudan Humanitarian Fund has prepositioned USD $15 million with partners, including local NGOs, to respond as conditions permit.
- Canada has also invested in a humanitarian toolkit that supports a broader scale-up across UN, Red Cross and NGO responses, and MHD is working closely with partners to ensure timely activation of tools on the basis of needs:
- Drawdown tools with the CRC, CFGB and Humanitarian Coalition allows Canada to leverage pre-existing presence and operations
- To date, through the Emergency Disaster Assistance Fund (EDAF) Canada has provided:
- $40,000 to support the Sudan Red Crescent Society (SRCS) with provision of health services in remaining hospitals.
- $20,000 to support the Chad Red Cross Society (CRCS) provision of immediate first aid, and emergency assistance in health, and protection to 10,000 displaced people in Eastern Chad.
- Deployment of experts through the CRC and CANADEM help address critical needs in personnel needs in the early days of the response
- Deployment of humanitarian supplies through a coordinated IFRC response
- To date, through the Emergency Disaster Assistance Fund (EDAF) Canada has provided:
And we will respond to appeals as needed
- Canada will continue to liaise closely with OCHA and other humanitarian partners and respond to evolving needs through existing and new appeals.
MINE Sudan Key Messages
- Canada is extremely concerned by the impacts of the current violence on the people of Sudan, including on the 15.8 million people who already required humanitarian assistance in 2023.
- We are also concerned about the potential impact on neighbouring countries due to what is expected to be significant population movements.
- Canada is providing international assistance in Sudan and is supporting the humanitarian response with over $30 million [Unannounced] in humanitarian assistance allocated in 2023.
- Canada also provides development assistance in Sudan to improve access to education, strengthen sexual and reproductive health and rights, support women’s economic empowerment, and reinforce the resilience of the poorest and most marginalized. In 2021-2022, Canada’s development assistance totalled approximately $16 million and was delivered through multilateral organizations active in Sudan and Canadian civil society partners working with local NGOs.
- [Unannounced] Canada has also allocated over $100 million in humanitarian assistance in 2023 for neighbouring countries - the Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, and South Sudan.
- Canada continues to engage with its humanitarian partners on their operations as they work to sustain the humanitarian response to the extent feasible and help address evolving needs.
- Most development project activities, including some social safety net programming, have been paused until the military confrontation eases.
- Canada continues advocacy efforts for the safety of humanitarian workers, civilians and access to populations in need.
- GAC officials are in contact with international partners to assess the full impact of the crisis and next steps.
Canada’s Response to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act
- Canada is aligned with the environmental objectives of Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Since 2015, the government has been making foundational investments in clean growth, many of which the U.S. is now doing with the IRA.
- While we cannot ignore the IRA, Canada must have its own approach. We chose a mix of policy tools, including carbon pricing which is central to our climate policy.
- The IRA and Budget 2023 demonstrate opportunities for Canada and the U.S. to collaborate on building the clean technology sectors needed for transitioning toward a net-zero North American economy.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada remains concerned with certain discriminatory elements of the IRA that provide additional incentives for U.S. steel, iron, and manufactured goods.
- As such, Canada intends to consult on the possibility to introduce reciprocal treatment in light of these conditions. More information will be available in the coming months.
- Canada takes its international trade obligations seriously, including WTO rules, which were a central consideration in developing the measures announced in Budget 2023.
Background
On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) into law. It commits US$369 billion for energy and climate-related actions and is expected to accelerate the clean growth economy. The IRA contains several incentives and tax credit programs to incentivize domestic production and the development of supply chains related to clean vehicles, batteries, renewable energy, and clean fuels production and related infrastructure projects.
Certain IRA incentives have the potential to adversely impact Canada’s competitiveness to attract foreign investment. This is why Budget 2023 proposes a range of measures totaling more than $80 billion over 10 years to ensure Canada remains competitive and supports investments critical for the realignment of global supply chains and the net-zero future. It includes a set of clear and predictable investment tax credits, low-cost strategic financing, and targeted investments and programming, where necessary, to respond to the unique needs of sectors or projects of national economic significance. These investments are underpinned by Canada’s world-leading pollution pricing systems and large-emitter credit markets.
The most significant outstanding concern for Canada in the IRA is the clean electricity tax credits that include local content requirement “boosters” if 100% of iron and steel and not less than 40% (increasing to 55% by 2026) of other manufactured products used in a project are produced in the U.S. In light of these conditions, Budget 2023 announced targeted consultations on the possibility of introducing reciprocal treatment to Canadian measures.
Export Controls - General
- Canada has one of the strongest export controls systems in the world, and respect for human rights is enshrined in our legislation.
- All export permit applications are reviewed under Canada's robust risk assessment framework, including against the criteria of the Arms Trade Treaty and the Export and Import Permits Act.
- As Minister of Foreign Affairs, I must deny export permit applications for military items if I determine that there is a substantial risk that the export would result in a serious violation of human rights, including serious acts of gender-based violence.
Supplementary Messages
- Every export permit application is evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine what the goods or technology will be used for, where they will be used and by whom, among other factors.
- Permits to export controlled items from Canada will not be issued if there is a substantial risk that they could be used to commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law or international human rights law, acts of terrorism or transnational organized crime, or serious acts of gender-based violence or violence against women and children.
- Canada will take appropriate action in response to the misuse of any controlled Canadian good or technology, regardless of the destination.
Update
Since 2019, the issue of export controls has received significant and sustained public, media and parliamentary attention, including through the 2021 study and report of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development (FAAE) on the granting of arms exports permits with a focus on Turkey. In February 2022, export controls restrictions were amongst the first measures announced by the Prime Minister following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Supporting Facts and Figures
Global Affairs Canada assesses approximately 5,000 export permit applications every year. In 2021, Canada’s exports of military goods amounted to approximately $2.731 billion, compared to a value of $1.966 billion in 2020. In 2021, Saudi Arabia was the largest non-U.S. export destination (approximately 64% of the total value of non-U.S. military exports). Data for 2022 will be published in the 2022 Report on the Export of Military Goods upon tabling in Parliament on or around May 31, 2023.
Background
Export controls are meant to ensure that controlled items are exported in a manner that is consistent with Canada’s foreign and defence policies and national security. Controls are not meant to unnecessarily hinder international trade, but to regulate and impose certain restrictions on exports in response to clear policy objectives. Most strategic items are controlled for export further to Canada’s commitments in the four main multilateral export control regimes
Feminist Foreign Policy
- Advancing a feminist foreign policy for the last 7 years because all people, regardless of their background, gender or identities, should benefit from equal participation in economic, political, social and cultural life.
- Promoting rights-based, open, and inclusive societies leads to a safer, more sustainable and prosperous world, which supports Canada’s own stability, security and prosperity.
- Requires persistent effort across all pillars of our international agenda. Crisis around the world demonstrate again that a feminist approach is essential for peace and security, and for better long-term results.
Supplementary Messages
- Our feminist foreign policy is the expression of ongoing, coordinated and whole-of-government efforts to advance human rights, diversity and inclusion, and gender equality across all of our international actions, including diplomacy, trade, security, development, and consular services. It is not only about what we do, but also how we do things differently.
- In implementing our Feminist International Assistance Policy, we have prioritized support for feminist movements and women’s rights organisations through our Women's Voice and Leadership Program and the Equality Fund, and contributed to improving women’s economic empowerment, and health and wellbeing, including sexual and reproductive rights.
- We are developing our third National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security and taking a whole-of-government approach to ensuring meaningful participation of diverse women in peace, security and humanitarian efforts.
- As part of our Trade Diversification Strategy, we are pursuing an inclusive approach to trade that aims to share benefits more widely and equitably, and helping women-led, Indigenous, visible minority, youth and 2SLGBTQI+-owned businesses expand into global markets.
Update
Discussions continue to take place with other countries that have avowed feminist foreign policies, and a coalition of likeminded partners, including civil society, is expanding. A public-facing policy paper articulating Canada’s feminist foreign policy approach is pending finalization and launch. Minister Joly co-hosted a Munich Security Conference side event (18 February 2023) for Women Foreign Ministers and delivered remarks on Canada's feminist foreign policy. Participants issued a joint statement on the situation of women’s rights in Afghanistan and Iran. In March 2023, the Auditor General tabled a report critical of Global Affairs Canada’s ability demonstrate international assistance results in support of gender equality.
Indo-Pacific Strategy
- Our new Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) signals Canada's intention to assume a more dynamic and engaged role in upholding a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific.
- We announced an initial investment of nearly $2.3bn for new program initiatives and a reinforcement of our presence in the Indo-Pacific.
- GAC is working with 16 departments and agencies across the Government of Canada toward implementation of the 24 initiatives under the Strategy.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada’s IPS reflects a recognition that the future trajectory of the Indo-Pacific will have critical implications for Canada’s prosperity, security, public health and capacity to address climate change
- We are taking action to become a responsive partner of choice in the region - the recent appointment of a Special Envoy for the region is one more step in this direction.
Update
Canada has already made early progress in implementing the various initiatives of its IPS. Since the launch, there have been several ministerial visits to the region, the announcement of the first Indo-Pacific Agriculture and Agri-Food Office (December 2022), the official launch of Canada Trade Team missions to the Indo-Pacific (in Singapore in February 2023), and the deployment of the HCMS Montréal to the region as part of the “Enhanced Defense Capacity” initiative (March 2023). The announcement of, Ian Mackay as Canada’s first Special Envoy for the Indo-Pacific is one step further in that direction(April 2023).
Supporting Facts and Figures
- The Indo-Pacific region is home to nearly 60% of the world’s population,
- It represents more 1/3 of global economic activity, which is expected to grow to 50% by 2040.
- A number of flashpoints threaten regional security and stability, including tensions in the East and South China Seas, on the Korean Peninsula, across the Taiwan Strait, and along the India-China border.
- It is the world’s most disaster-prone region, and is greatly impacted by climate change. It accounts for 53% of global CO2
- The IPS funds 24 initiatives, involving 17 ministry and agencies across the GoC, as well as FinDev Canada and the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada.
Future of Diplomacy: Transforming GAC
- Launched in May 2022, The Future of Diplomacy: Transforming Global Affairs Canada aims to modernize and strengthen Canada’s capacity to engage globally in a rapidly changing world.
- The initiative’s overall objectives support the mandate given to me to “lead Canada’s contribution to addressing global challenges, including by … strengthening Canada’s diplomatic capacity.”
- Following extensive consultations, analysis and a prioritization exercise, we are in the final stages of identifying key transformation measures that will equip Canada to better advance and protect Canadian interests and values, in an increasingly complex and volatile global environment.
Supplementary Messages
- The environment in which Global Affairs Canada operates is increasingly challenging: there are new actors and technologies, a rules-based international system at an inflection point and global issues more and more intrinsically linked to domestic issues.
- We are increasingly asked to respond to situations and events that are without precedent, using resources, tools, structures and processes born from, and designed for, a different time.
- Through the Future of Diplomacy: Transforming GAC, we will ensure the department remains well equipped to fulfill its mandates in the long term.
Update
- A great deal of work has been accomplished through an intense pace of activity since the initiative was launched.
- Through extensive consultations, I plan to focus on four key areas for action that will enable and equip the department to better serve Canadians:
- build new expertise and manage crises;
- expanding to exert influence;
- ensure workforce is highly skilled and diverse; and
- ensure tools and processes are fit for purpose.
- Key actions corresponding to these four areas are currently under development and have the potential to positively and constructively transform the organization to ensure it is fit for purpose for the decades to come.
- An implementation team will be put in place to support the change management process and ensure its success.
Canada’s Sanctions Regime
- The government remains committed to playing a leadership role in the preservation and strengthening of international rules – sanctions are a component of this approach.
- The government is judicious when it chooses to deploy sanctions and is committed to their effective and coordinated use, and implementation.
Supplementary Messages
- Autonomous sanctions are an important complement to our foreign policy tools, which include dialogue, capacity building, advocacy, multilateral engagement, and other diplomatic actions.
- Canada’s sanctions regime includes tools to mitigate risks associated with imposing sanctions. In addition to being targeted in their scope, they include exceptions and a permit process to reduce unintended consequences.
Update
Recent listings under the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA) include:
- In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, since February 24, 2022, we have imposed sanctions on: 1183 Russian individuals and 310 Russian entities; 85 Belarussian individuals and 52 Belarussian entities; and 257 Ukrainian individuals and 1 Ukrainian entity.
- In response to the multidimensional crisis in Haiti, since November 3, 2022, we have imposed sanctions on 19 individuals.
- In response to Iran's gross and systematic human rights violations, since October 3, 2022, Canada has imposed sanctions on 106 individuals and 30 entities. In total, since 2010, Canada has imposed sanctions on 147 individuals and 191 entities.
In December 2022, the Government announced the first restraint of an asset (worth
US$26 million) under SEMA’s new asset seizure and forfeiture authorities. We are carefully considering next steps, given the complexity and uniqueness of this regime in the international sanctions context.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- Since the beginning of 2022, the government has imposed 76 rounds of SEMA sanctions (Belarus x6, Haiti x7, Iran x10, Myanmar x4, Russia x39, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine x6). Many were undertaken in coordination with likeminded countries, including Australia, EU, U.K. & U.S. The government has also implemented the UN Security Council Sanctions Resolution on Haiti in November 2022.
Background
SEMA allows Canada to impose sanctions on a foreign state, its individuals and entities in four situations: a grave breach of international peace and security; when an international organization calls on members to impose sanctions; human rights violations; or corruption. They can include a dealings ban on individuals/entities and restrictions on trade or financial transactions. Individuals listed in response to gross and systematic violations of human rights or acts of significant corruption are also rendered inadmissible to Canada under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. To maximize effectiveness, Canada coordinates with other countries. There are SEMA sanctions on 15 countries.
The Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (JVCFOA) allows Canada to sanction foreign nationals responsible for or complicit in violations of human rights and acts of corruption. There are 70 individuals listed under the JVCFOA (see annex). Canadians are prohibited from dealing with these individuals, effectively freezing their Canadian assets. They are also inadmissible to Canada under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.
In June 2022, amendments were made to the SEMA and JVCFOA to allow for the seizure, forfeiture, disposal and redistribution of sanctioned assets. Proceeds generated from the sale of assets may be used for reconstruction of affected states, restoration of international peace and security, and compensation to victims.
Canada is legally required to implement sanctions imposed by the UNSC. These sanctions are implemented in Canada through regulations under the United Nations Act. Thirteen countries are subject to UN sanctions: Central African Republic, Mali, DRC, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, DPRK, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen.
Through targeted sanctions measures, the Government of Canada strives to minimize adverse consequences for civilians and for legitimate humanitarian businesses and activities. It also mitigates unintended humanitarian consequences of sanctions through legislated exceptions for certain activities, as well as through the permit and certificate processes.
Annex: Canadian Autonomous Sanctions Listings
Special Economics Measures Act (SEMA)
- There are currently 3567 listings under SEMA:
- Belarus - 245 individuals/entities
- China - 5 individuals/entities
- Haiti – 19 individuals
- Iran - 338 individuals/entities
- Myanmar – 158 individuals/entities
- Nicaragua – 35 individuals/entities
- Russia – 1698 individuals/entities
- South Sudan – 2 individuals
- Sri Lanka – 4 individuals
- Syria – 281 individuals/entities
- Ukraine (Russian Invasion) – 502 individuals/entities
- Venezuela – 96 individuals/entities
- Zimbabwe – 81 individuals/entities
- Note: Canada also imposes broader SEMA sanctions on the DPRK and Libya.
Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act (JVCFOA)
- There are currently 70 individuals listed under the JVCFOA:
- 1 from Myanmar
- 3 from South Sudan
- 19 from Venezuela
- 30 linked to murder of journalist Sergei Magnitsky
- 17 linked to murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi
The Vienna Convention On Diplomatic Relations
- The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, ratified by Canada in 1966 and implemented by the Foreign Missions and International Organizations Act, outlines the rules of diplomatic law.
- The Convention provides for the expulsion of foreign diplomats by declaring them persona non grata.
- This declaration is made in the exercise of the Crown prerogative by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Supplementary Messages
- The Convention provides that, in declaring a foreign diplomatic or consular representative persona non grata, the receiving State (Canada) does not have to explain its decision to the Sending State.
- In order to protect this prerogative, certain details and data with respect to persona non grata declarations are deemed confidential.
Background
Overview: the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations outlines the rules of diplomatic law, ratified by Canada in 1966 and implemented by the Foreign Missions and International Organizations Act. The Convention codifies the rules for the exchange and treatment of envoys between states, which have been firmly established in customary law for hundreds of years. The Convention establishes for example rules for the appointment of foreign representatives; the inviolability of mission premises; the protection for the diplomat and their family from any form of arrest or detention; and that diplomats must respect the laws of the host state. The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations codifies the rules with respect to consular posts and consular officers.
Persona non grata: when the receiving State (Canada) is concerned about the behaviour of a foreign representative, it can either 1) request that the sending State voluntarily recall the representative (end the assignment) or 2) expel them. With respect to the latter, both Vienna conventions provide that the receiving State may, at any time and without having to explain its decision, notify the sending State that any member of its diplomatic or consular staff is persona non grata or that any other member of the staff of the mission is not acceptable.
Notification that a foreign representative is persona non grata triggers an obligation on the sending State to recall that individual “within a reasonable period”, defined in the Foreign Missions and International Organizations Act as “a period, not exceeding ten days, commencing on the day on which notice is given”.
Decisions to declare a foreign representative as persona non grata are made in the exercise of the Crown prerogative by the Minister of Foreign Affairs on the basis of a recommendation from the geographic branch and legal advice from the Legal Affairs Branch. The Office of Protocol implements the decision by sending the diplomatic note conveying the decision to the foreign mission.
A receiving State may declare a foreign representative persona non grata due to reasons that include suspected espionage, other criminal activity, or in retaliation for the expulsion of its own personnel abroad. A police investigation or the laying of criminal charges are not pre-requisites for a persona non grata determination.
Reciprocity: in international relations and international law, the concept of “reciprocity” entails the mutual exchange, as well as withdrawal, of privileges between states. Depending on the circumstances, a persona non grata declaration by Canada against a foreign representative carries the risk that a reciprocal persona non grata declaration will be made against a Canadian foreign representative at Canada’s mission in the foreign state in question.
Consular Policy and Operations
- Canada is providing consular assistance to individuals and families and is closely monitoring for developments in all cases.
- Due to the Privacy Act, no information about individual cases can be disclosed.
- The global coalition against arbitrary detention in state-to-state relations continues to grow, now with 74 endorsements. Canada will convene the international community on the margins of the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in September.
Supplementary Messages
Consular Program Funding
- In late 2022, the Department received approval for additional resources ($101.4 million over 6 years, and $18.5 million ongoing) to reinforce and modernize core consular capacity to assist Canadians abroad.
Clemency – Canadians facing the death penalty abroad
- Canada opposes the use of the death penalty in all cases and undertakes clemency intervention for any Canadian facing the death penalty in foreign jurisdictions.
Canadians detained in North-eastern Syria
- On April 6, Canada repatriated 4 Canadian women and 10 Canadian children identified in the Bring Our Loved Ones Home (BOLOH) litigation.
COVID-19 Emergency Loan Program
- As of December 31, 2022, the Government of Canada has recovered $9.72M of the $20.04M in loans issued through the COVID-19 Emergency Loan Program. Efforts at loan recovery are continuing.
Background- Arbitrary Detention Initiative
Canada launched the Declaration Against Arbitrary Detention in State-to-State Relations to demonstrate global opposition to the practice of arbitrary detention of foreign nationals for diplomatic leverage on February 15, 2021, and developed a Partnership Action Plan to coordinate further action. A Ministerial event on the margins of UNGA is being prepared. New funding is being used to create an Office responsible for the Initiative.
Background – Consular Program Funding
Funding is allocated to the following priorities: 1) Enhancing emergency management preparedness and response capabilities, including establishment of a Standing Emergency Response Team; 2) Reinforcing core consular operations capacity; 3) Sustaining and expanding the Canada-led Arbitrary Detention Initiative; and 4) Improving program management capacity and tools.
Background – Canadians detained in North-eastern Syria
Canada closed its mission in Damascus, Syria, in 2012 and currently has no diplomatic representatives in the country, limiting the ability to provide consular assistance. In January 2023, Canada reached a settlement agreement to repatriate all women and children who are part of the Bring Our Loved Ones Home (BOLOH) litigation. The majority were repatriated on April 6, 2023. Canada is awaiting a decision from the Federal Court of Appeal of the decision on the four remaining BOLOH men.
Background – COVID-19 Emergency Loan Program
The COVID-19 Emergency Loan Program (ELP) for Canadians Abroad was launched when the pandemic was declared in March 2020 to provide recoverable financial assistance to support citizens returning urgently to Canada. The ELP provided 4,818 interest-free loans totalling $20.04M CAD, assisting 7,878 Canadians in 125 countries.
NATO
- Canada is a reliable, forward-leaning NATO Ally, unwavering in its commitment to transatlantic security and defence.
- Canada contributes significantly to NATO’s efforts to reinforce the Alliance’s eastern flank to deter and defend against Russian aggression.
- Canada welcomes Finland as the newest member of the Alliance and looks forward to Sweden’s accession as soon as possible.
Supplementary Messages
- Allied unity and commitment to the principle of collective defence are the foundation of NATO’s deterrent power and must be constantly maintained.
- Canada is increasing its military contribution to NATO, in particular through its leadership of NATO’s enhanced Forward Presence battlegroup Latvia.
- Canada and its NATO Allies are continuously increasing political and practical support to Ukraine as it continues to defend itself against Russia’s full-scale invasion.
- NATO’s deployments in the region remain defensive and proportionate to the evolving security environment.
Update
On April 4-5, NATO Foreign Ministers met in Brussels to discuss issues of concern to the Alliance. Ministers welcomed the accession of the newest NATO member, Finland, discussed future practical and political support to Ukraine, and deliberated the future of NATO’s Defence Investment Pledge ahead of the Leaders Summit in Vilnius in July.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- Canada has contributed to every major NATO military operation (with the exception of deploying troops to the Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan).
- Canada is the sixth largest financial contributor to NATO’s common budget.
- Canada now contributes approximately 1,100 troops to Operation REASSURANCE, including 800 to eFP Latvia. Another 3,400 across all branches of the Canadian Armed Forces are authorized to deploy to the NATO Response Force, if required.
NORAD
- In today’s increasingly dangerous strategic environment, strong defences of Canada and North America are needed to reinforce the multilateral alliances and rules-based international order upon which our security depends.
- Adversaries and competitors are rapidly developing new capabilities, such as hypersonic missiles, which can evade current detection systems and could target North America, including through the Arctic.
- Additional investments to modernize NORAD, and strengthen domestic and continental defence more broadly, will ensure we remain safe at home, and a strong and reliable partner capable of defending our interests.
Supplementary Messages
- Global Affairs Canada is strongly supportive of National Defence efforts to strengthen continental defence, and modernize NORAD alongside the U.S.
- Investing in our capabilities to address potential threats in, and through, the Arctic sends a strong message to Arctic and non-Arctic states that Canada takes its Northern sovereignty seriously, and that we will vigorously defend Canadian interests here at home and across the circumpolar Arctic.
- These efforts are a critical pillar of the Roadmap for a Renewed U.S.-Canada Partnership, which commits Canada and the U.S. to expanding cooperation on continental defence, including by modernizing NORAD.
- The Prime Minister’s 2021 mandate letter to the Minister of Foreign Affairs also emphasizes the need to defend Arctic sovereignty and to create a future where Northern and Arctic people are thriving, strong and safe.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- Canada contributes financial, physical, and human resources to NORAD.
- In total, approximately 1,000 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel are employed on the NORAD mission throughout North America, including at NORAD headquarters in Colorado Springs.
- Canada provides fighter aircraft on alert status to NORAD during normal operations, and operates and maintains the Canadian portion of the North Warning System (NWS) of radars as well as three forward operating locations in Inuvik, Iqaluit and Yellowknife to support fighter operations in the North.
- In June 2022, Canada announced total funding of $38.6 billion dollars on an accrual basis over the next 20 years, representing the most significant upgrade to Canadian NORAD capabilities in almost four decades.
Foreign Interference
- The Government of Canada takes any threats to our democracy very seriously. We have taken significant actions to protect our institutions from foreign interference and uphold Canadians’ confidence in our elections.
- Global Affairs Canada works with other departments and international partners to identify and respond to foreign interference, including during the 2019 and 2021 federal elections.
- Canada will continue to take coordinated action with allies and likeminded partners to protect and strengthen democracy, human rights, and the rule of law at home and abroad.
Supplementary Messages
- Independent investigations on the Critical Election Incident Public Protocol found the ‘19 and ‘21 elections were free and fair.
- GAC’s work to counter foreign interference is proactive and multifaceted. It includes: monitoring disinformation and countering threats to democracy under the G7 Rapid Response Mechanism, preventing foreign interference in the Canadian electoral process through our involvement in the SITE taskforce, and conducting international engagement on cyber threats.
- GAC also addresses foreign interference and other hostile activities directed at Canada by our adversaries through diplomatic channels.
- The government will address recommendations made by independent review bodies and the Independent Special Rapporteur to further protect Canada’s democratic institutions from foreign interference, once available.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- In Budget 2023, the government is providing the RCMP $48.9 million to protect Canadians from foreign harassment and intimidation and $13.5 million to establish a national Counter-Foreign Interference Office within Public Safety Canada.
- This is in addition to the $5.5 million the government is investing to strengthen domestic civil society partners’ ability to counter disinformation in Canada.
- During the 2019 and 2021 elections, the Critical Election Incident Public Protocol did not observe any activity threatening a free and fair election that passed the threshold to alert the public.
- Since its establishment in 2018, Canada has led the G7 Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM) to better understand and address foreign threats to democracy.
- During the 2019 and 2021 elections, GAC officials from RRM Canada provided open-source assessments of potential foreign interference in the Canadian information environment to national security agencies through the Security and Intelligence Threats to Election (SITE) Task Force.
- On 6 March 2023, the Prime Minister announced three independent reviews to investigate alleged foreign interference in the 2019 and 2021 elections.
Haiti
- We remain deeply concerned by the steady and rapid deterioration of the security situation in Haiti, while the HNP faces a major lack of manpower and capacity.
- Strengthening the security sector is a top priority for Canada. We are actively working on building the capacity of the Haitian National Police (HNP), with an additional investment of $100M announced on March 24.
- Canada is playing a leadership role on coordinating the international efforts in response to the security crisis.
Supplementary Messages
- The international coordination mechanism would play critical role under Canadian leadership in improving the effectiveness of international security assistance, leveraging the engagement and contributions of our partners and amplify the impact of Canada's own investments in Haiti by channelling in a coherent way international efforts.
- Canada’s response to the crisis in Haiti is structured around 4 integrated pillars: 1) supporting political dialogue; 2) imposing sanctions on those who support violence; 3) responding to the humanitarian and development needs; and 4) strengthening the security sector.
- We believe that the best course of action is to focus on supporting the HNP while helping to disrupt key drivers for instability, particularly armed gangs and those who finance them.
- A much broader political consensus is necessary, with a view to holding elections as soon as security conditions permit. Essential that we continue pressing PM Henry to be open to sharing power during a transition period.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- In 2022-2023, Canada’s annual assistance budget to Haiti is $95M with 10M$ to the UNDP Security Basket fund out of a total budget sought of US$28M. Canada also approved $22.5M over 5 years in development assistance to strengthen the HNP and the National Police Academy.
- Over the last few months, Canada has undertaken military supported actions to quickly bolster the HNP, including facilitating the delivery of equipment purchased by the HNP in Canada (e.g. 10 Mines-Resistant Ambush Protected and other vehicles), and providing tactical information through deploying in Haiti an aircraft patrol and two navy vessels.
- During POTUS visit last March, Canada announced $100M to support the HNP, to provide lethal and non-lethal equipment.
- Canada has led a mission in Haiti the week of April 24, 2023 to conduct planning consultations on new programming to support the HNP, with key Haitian stakeholders and international partners.
- In May, Canada will convene an international virtual ministerial meeting to mobilize international partners and secure additional financial support in response to the security crisis in Haiti.
- To date, Canada has sanctioned 19 individuals of the Haitian political and economic elite, who are believed to have supported criminal gangs’ activities.
Current Situation in Sri Lanka
- Canada remains concerned by the scale of the economic crisis in Sri Lanka, and welcomed the IMF Board’s approval of a $2.9B USD support program that includes a focus on anti-corruption and on the poorest and most vulnerable.
- In response to appeals launched by the international community, Canada has provided $3 million in humanitarian assistance.
- Canada remains committed to supporting peace and reconciliation for all Sri Lankans, including accountability for human rights abuses.
Supplementary Messages
- In January 2023, Canada announced sanctions against four former Sri Lankan officials in order to encourage an end to impunity for human rights abusers.
- Canada will continue to collaborate alongside international partners, including at the UN Human Rights Council and other multilateral fora, to advocate for human rights, justice and accountability in Sri Lanka.
Update
Sri Lanka continues to navigate the worst economic crisis it has faced since independence, a year after it defaulted on foreign debt obligations for the first time. In response to the situation, Canada announced $3M in humanitarian assistance funding on January 6, 2023 to respond to the appeals launched by the UN and the IFRC. On March 20, 2023 the IMF Executive Board approved USD $2.9B in funding for Sri Lanka, after receiving financial assurances from bilateral creditors, including Canada. The funds are conditional on Sri Lanka demonstrating progress against macro-economic reforms, including a focus on anti-corruption and mitigating the impacts on the poorest and most vulnerable.
Following large scale protests and civil unrest in 2022 over the economic situation, the previous President and Prime Minister resigned, and a new President was elected by parliament in July 2022. Since then, the current Sri Lankan government has prioritized efforts towards economic recovery, and has advanced some political reforms, including to address corruption and curtail the powers of the executive presidency. On January 10th, 2023 Canada announced sanctions under the Special Economic Measures Act (SEMA) against four Sri Lankan state officials, including former Presidents Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Mahinda Rajapaksa, responsible for gross and systematic violations of human rights which occurred during Sri Lanka’s civil conflict. The sanctions aim to encourage an end to impunity in Sri Lanka for human rights abusers.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- In June, 2022 the UN and the IFRC launched humanitarian appeals for Sri Lanka valued at approximately $100M CAD. In November 2022, the UN increased its appeal by $94M CAD. 7 million people remain in need of humanitarian assistance and 32% of households remain food insecure.
- In response to the crisis, in addition to $3M in humanitarian assistance Canada has re-allocated a portion of funds in existing development initiatives to help meet pressing needs on the ground.
- Canada’s bilateral development program helps advance human rights, including support to language rights, transitional justice and women’s empowerment.
Current Situation in Pakistan
- Canada-Pakistan relations are strong and multifaceted, and underpinned by extensive people-to-people ties.
- Canada and Pakistan are committed to working together on common interests, such as addressing climate change, strengthening trade relations, and advancing gender equality.
- Global Affairs Canada is aware of the evolving political and economic situation in Pakistan and continues to monitor developments.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada appreciates Pakistan’s support towards our efforts to resettle at least 40,000 Afghan refugees by the end of 2023.
- Canada has committed $58 million in international assistance to support relief and recovery efforts in response to the 2022 floods in Pakistan.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- To date, Canada has announced $58 million in international assistance to support flood crisis relief and recovery in Pakistan.
- In 2022/23, Canada provided $36 million in bilateral development assistance in support of: flood recovery; women’s and girls’ reproductive health and rights; girls’ access to education; women’s political participation and economic empowerment; and Pakistan’s polio eradication.
- In 2022, Pakistan was Canada's 37th-largest export destination for merchandise, with Canada-Pakistan bilateral trade totaling $1.3 billion, up from $1.2 billion in 2021.
Background
Canada-Pakistan Bilateral Relations: Canada and Pakistan enjoy a multifaceted bilateral relationship, with extensive people-to-people ties (e.g. over 300,000 Canadians of Pakistani origin in Canada). Our two countries have committed to working together on common interests, such as working to address climate change, strengthening commercial relations, and advancing gender equality. Pakistan is also a critical partner for Canada in its efforts to resettle at least 40,000 Afghan refugees by the end of 2023 as it continues to be a key transit country for Canada-bound Afghans seeking safe passage out of Afghanistan.
Political and Economic Overview: Pakistan is facing an unprecedented economic crisis, which has resulted in spiraling inflation, a balance-of-payments crisis, and a shortage of foreign currency and essential goods. The Government of Pakistan is currently focused on meeting conditions set out by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to resume its USD 6.5 billion loan program. The political situation in Pakistan remains dynamic, with tensions between the governing coalition and opposition. Tensions surged in March 2023 after authorities attempted to arrest former Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan for failing to appear in court over corruption charges, resulting in violent clashes between his supporters and the police and an escalation in rhetoric on all sides. The country is also entering a constitutional crisis over provincial elections in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkwa. The National Assemblies of both provinces were dissolved in January 2023 when members of Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party resigned. Constitutionally, elections must be held within 90 days. The Supreme Court ruled that elections must be held on May 14, 2023. The coalition government opposes this timeline.
Current Situation in Punjab, India
- Many Canadians have strong ties to the Punjab and follow regular developments there closely.
- We have been in close touch with our mission in Chandigargh.
- The Government of Canada has not received any requests for consular assistance related to the recent events in Punjab.
- Canadians in Punjab requiring assistance are able to contact our mission by phone or email.
Update
On 10 April, Papalpreet Singh, a close aide of Amritpal Singh, was arrested. Canada’s mission in Chandigarh reports that the arrest received limited media attention in Punjab, and that the state remains broadly stable, calm and peaceful. Global Affairs Canada has not received any request for consular assistance related to this situation.
Background
On 18 March, the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government of the Indian state of Punjab launched a major security operation to arrest the leader of the organization Waris Punjab De, Amritpal Singh Sandhu. Amritpal and members of his group are wanted for a violent attack on a police station in February 2023, during which six police officers were injured. These charges come amid a broader deterioration in the security situation in the state, particularly over the past year. At the start of the police operation, Punjab state and local governments had imposed restrictions on gatherings and communication. While the vast majority of these were lifted within 48 hours, these restrictions raised the fears of many, including in particular in Canada, of a return to levels of violence and conflict last seen in Punjab the 1980s.
Local media and reporting from on the ground in Punjab suggest that the operation was widely-supported by the Punjabi population. Canadian assets and operations in India have not been affected by the operations.
Political Crisis in Myanmar
- Deeply concerned by the deteriorating situation in Myanmar – in particular escalating attacks against civilians, including air strikes and arbitrary detention, all of which have deepened the humanitarian crisis.
- Canada has committed $288.3 million (from 2021 to 2024) to continue our development and peace and stabilization efforts in Myanmar and Bangladesh. This is complemented by life-saving humanitarian assistance, in accordance with needs.
- Since the coup, Canada has levelled seven rounds of sanctions against the Myanmar military regime, most recently on January 31, 2023, which imposed a prohibition on aviation fuel in respond the regime’s targeting of civilians in violation of international law.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada continues to support efforts to end impunity and ensure accountability for crimes perpetrated by the regime, including against the Rohingya and other communities.
- Canada supports the democratic aspirations of the people of Myanmar by engaging with a range of pro-democracy stakeholders.
- Canada continues to support ASEAN centrality and ASEAN’s efforts to address the crisis.
Update
On December 21, 2022, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted its first ever resolution (Resolution 2669) on Myanmar,
On April 11, 2023, an important national holidays, the military conducted airstrikes against civilians, with reports of over 100 deaths, including women and children.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- In 2022, more than 14.4 million people were in need of humanitarian assistance. More than 1.5 million people are currently displaced around the country and 49,800 refugees have fled.
- Canada has dedicated $288.3 million over three years (2021-2024) to the second phase of the Rohingya Strategy. Of this amount, $83 million and $145 million support for development projects in Myanmar and Bangladesh respectively, and $24 million for Peace and Stabilizations Operations programming in Myanmar.
Background
On February 1, 2021, the military forces of Myanmar deposed the civilian government, arresting the democratically elected civilian leadership, protesters, journalists, and pro-democracy activists. The regime has failed to fully consolidate its power, and violent resistance across the country has grown, pushing Myanmar close to failed state status and economic collapse, reversing previous democratic and economic gains, with accelerating armed conflicts, making the prospect of any safe, voluntary or dignified return of the displace Rohingya people unlikely.On June 20, 2022, Canada announced the next phase of its Strategy to respond to the Rohingya and Myanmar crises ($288.3 million over 2021-2024).
Russia – Recent Diplomatic Engagement
- Canada strongly condemns President Putin’s unprovoked and unjustifiable invasion of Ukraine and urges Russia to immediately withdraw all military forces.
- We are working with our like-minded partners to impose increasingly severe costs on Russia, through sanctions and other economic measures, as the invasion continues.
- As Russia’s sustained record of repression and gross human rights abuses continues to be felt at home by the Russian people, Canada stands with those courageous Russian voices speaking up in defence of democratic values and human rights.
Supplementary Messages
- Since Russia’s illegal occupation and attempted annexation of Crimea in 2014, Canada has imposed sanctions on more than 2,400 individuals and entities in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, working in coordination with Canada’s allies and partners.
- Canada maintains our Embassy in Moscow to keep open a channel of communication, to monitor on the ground developments, to support Russian civil society activists like Vladimir Kara-Murza and counter Russian disinformation, and to deliver consular services.
Update
- 17 April: Opposition activist Vladimir Kara-Murza sentenced to 25 years in jail for charges linked to his criticism of the war in Ukraine.
- 25 March: President Putin declared that Russia will station tactical nuclear weapons in neighbouring Belarus under Russian supervision.
- 17 March: The International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants against President Putin and his Commissioner for Children's Rights Lvova-Belova over the alleged war crime of unlawful deportation and transfer of children from occupied areas of Ukraine to Russia.
Strengthened Diplomatic Presence East and Central Europe and the Caucasus
- Canada will establish an Embassy to Armenia; convert offices in Estonia, Lithuania, and Slovakia to Embassies; and bolster our presence at our Embassy to Latvia and ultimately throughout the region.
- Strengthened diplomatic capacity will provide political and economic cooperation to support European Allies, further counter Russia’s destabilizing activities in the region, and support Armenia in its democratic development.
- Opening the Embassy to Armenia follows the report of Canada’s Special Envoy to the European Union and Europe on ways to increase Canadian support for Armenian democracy.
Background
Canada is expanding its diplomatic presence and capacity in Central and Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. The diplomatic expansion will help guide Canada’s response to evolving security threats, enhance political and economic cooperation to support European Allies, and further counter the impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and support Armenia in its democratic development. This was announced by Minister Joly in June 2022.
Specific action includes:
- The establishment of an Embassy to Armenia (in Yerevan) with a resident Ambassador: This follows from the mission and report of Stéphane Dion, Canada’s Special Envoy to the European Union and Europe on ways to increase Canadian support for Armenian democracy.
- The conversion of our offices in Estonia (in Tallinn), Lithuania (in Vilnius), and Slovakia (in Bratislava) to Embassies with resident Ambassadors; and strengthening Canadian presence in our Embassy to Latvia (in Riga). These are countries with strong and growing bilateral ties with Canada and key NATO Allies.
These changes will further enhance Canada’s engagement in the region, help counter Russia’s destabilizing activities and increase support for Operation REASSURANCE.
Flight PS752
- Families of the victims are at the heart of the Government of Canada’s response to Flight PS752.
- Iran bears responsibility for the tragic downing of Flight PS752, including the deaths of 176 innocent people.
- Canada and our Coordination Group partners will not relent in our pursuit of the transparency, accountability and justice the families deserve.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada, Ukraine, Sweden and the U.K. have been working closely together through the International Coordination and Response Group (the Coordination Group) to obtain reparations from Iran for the unlawful downing of Flight PS752.
- Canada and its CG partners requested on December 28th, 2022 that Iran submit to binding arbitration under the 1971 Montreal Convention to settle its dispute on PS752. If the terms of arbitration cannot be agreed to in 6 months, either side may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice.
- The Minister of Transport and I, along with Global Affairs Canada’s PS752 Task Force, have been in regular communication with the families of the victims and will continue to do so for as long as it will be necessary.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- On July 30, 2020, the Coordination Group met with Iran to discuss the modalities of upcoming negotiations.
- On June 3rd, 2021, the Coordination Group sent Iran a Notice of Claim formerly invoking its state responsibility in the downing, stating that Iran must fulfill its legal responsibility to make full reparations, and inviting Iran to pursue negotiations.
- On December 27, 2021, Iran unequivocally refused to engage in negotiations with the Coordination Group.
- On January 6, 2022 and in light of Iran’s unequivocal refusal, the Coordination Group declared negotiations with Iran as futile at that time and announced it will now focus on next steps to hold Iran accountable in accordance with international law.
- On December 28, 2022, the Coordination Group formally requested that Iran submit to binding arbitration under the 1971 Montreal Convention. If the terms of arbitration cannot be agreed to in 6 months, either side can refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice.
Background
The shooting down of the Ukraine International Airlines Flight PS752 by Iran, in which 55 Canadian citizens, 30 permanent residents, and dozens others with ties to Canada perished, continues to have a significant impact on Canada’s relationship with Iran.
Canada’s priority, along with its partners in the Coordination Group (the CG) has been focused on state-to-state negotiations with Iran on the matter of reparations. As Iran categorically rejected negotiating with the CG as a group, the CG formally requested that Iran submit to binding arbitration under the 1971 Montreal Convention on December 28th, 2022. The parties have 6 months to agree to terms of arbitration, after which point either side can refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice. Additional action at the International Civil Aviation Organization is also under consideration.
Actions Taken Against Iran/IRGC
- Canada is committed to working closely with its allies to hold the Iranian regime responsible for its systematic human rights violations and support for terrorism.
- Since October 2022, Canada has imposed XX rounds of new sanctions targeting all levels of Iran’s security, intelligence and economic apparatus under the Special Economic Measures Act.
- On November 14, Canada designated the Islamic Republic of Iran under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), as a regime that has engaged in terrorism and systematic human rights violations. This designation means that thousands of members of the regime, including many members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), are now inadmissible to Canada.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada continues to be a leader in imposing costs on the Iranian regime for its gross and human rights violations.
- Since October 2022, Canada has implemented ten rounds of sanctions against 106 Iranian individuals and 30 entities who have been complicit in gross and systematic human rights violations, including the systematic persecution of women, spreading disinformation, activities that threaten international peace and security and supplying lethal UAVs to Russia for use in its illegal war against Ukraine.
- Since 2012, Iran has been designated as a state supporter of terrorism under Canada’s State Immunity Act (SIA), which allows civil actions to be taken against Iran under the Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act.
- Canada lists the IRGC-Qods Force, which is Iran’s primary mechanism for cultivating and supporting terrorist groups abroad, as a terrorist entity under the Canadian Criminal Code.
- Under the Criminal Code, Canada also lists a number of proxies that have benefited from the Qods Force’s and the Iranian state’s patronage. This includes Hizballah, Hamas, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Taliban, and three Iran-backed regional militias.
- Furthermore, at the United Nations, in December 2022, for the 20th consecutive year, Canada led the successful adoption of the resolution on the situation of human rights in Iran at the UN General Assembly. The adoption of the resolution puts the global spotlight on the Iranian regime’s human rights abuses.
- Canada is also deeply concerned about Iran’s continued enrichment of uranium to near weapons grade and its lack of cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on important nuclear issues.
- We have joined with many in the international community that have called on Iran to stop its nuclear violations and restore its nuclear commitments and obligations. Canada supports diplomatic efforts to address Iran’s escalation of nuclear activities, including efforts to restore the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) if that remains possible. Canada is fully supportive of the IAEA’s comprehensive monitoring and verification of nuclear activities in Iran. In support of this important mandate of the IAEA, Canada has been a leading voluntary contributor to the IAEA’s monitoring and verification efforts of Iran’s nuclear program ($21M since 2014).
Current Situation in Israel/West Bank/Gaza
- Canada is strongly committed to the goal of a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East, including the creation of a Palestinian state living side by side in peace and security with Israel.
- Our position remains that this can only be achieved through direct negotiations between the parties.
- Canada will continue to raise concerns about unilateral actions, which are unhelpful to the cause of peace.
Supplementary Messages
- Canada is concerned by the rise in violence in Israel and the West Bank and welcomes all efforts that can help bring the parties back to the negotiating table.
- Our longstanding position is to support a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Update
Canada has expressed concerns with the rise in violence and inflammatory rhetoric in Israel and the West Bank, as well as unilateral actions taken by both parties that have exacerbated tensions. In February, Canada condemned the Israeli government’s announcement of its intention to authorize illegal outposts and expand housing in existing settlements. In January Canada expressed concern following the Israeli government’s levying of financial sanctions against the Palestinian Authority. Canada supports the recent US, Jordanian and Egyptian-led efforts at Aqaba and Sharm el-Sheikh aimed at creating a space for direct dialogue between the parties in the hope that these talks will help improve cooperation and create the conditions for peace.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- Minister Joly spoke with Israeli Foreign Minister Cohen and Palestinian Foreign Minister Malki in March 2023 to express concern about the rise in violence and reiterate Canada’s support for a peaceful resolution to the conflict.
- Canada has a substantial program of assistance to help meet the development and humanitarian needs of vulnerable Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, and Palestinian refugees in the region. This support contributes to advance the peace process, promote security and the rule of law, and stimulate economic growth.
- Canada has contributed over $90 million towards UNRWA over the last three years (2020 to 2022). This support allows UNRWA to deliver education, social services, health care, and emergency assistance to meet the needs of Palestinian refugees.
Background
Prospects for a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have diminished over the past several years, with no formal negotiations taking place since 2014. Mutual distrust and competition on all sides has limited the ability and willingness of the parties to return to direct negotiations. The current Israeli coalition government under Benjamin Netanyahu was sworn in on December 29, 2022. There have been no elections for the Palestinian Authority (PA) since 2006; the administration run by President Abbas suffers from low popular support. Relations between the new Israeli government and the PA have deteriorated in light of some statements made by Netanyahu’s coalition members and recent actions taken by the new government against the PA.
In Gaza, recurrent violence, severe restrictions on the movement of people and goods, limited economic growth, poor governance, damaged infrastructure, and poverty continue to erode the population’s resilience. Food insecurity amongst Palestinians has worsened due to the impacts of Russia’s war in Ukraine. Hamas, the de-facto authority in Gaza since 2006, has increased its rhetoric and conducted rocket attacks on Israel in response to tensions in Jerusalem and the West Bank. The situation remains volatile, with a constant risk of a return to violence.
Middle East Strategy
- Canada is helping make a real difference in Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon, committing over $4.7 billion since 2016.
- In line with our international feminist policies, we are achieving strong results, especially for women and girls, and focusing on supporting vulnerable populations.
- Going forward, Canada’s Strategy will be integrating emerging priorities, such as food security and climate change.
Supplementary Messages
- Since 2016, with our partners, we have helped to liberate millions of people from Daesh, and have built credibility as a reliable partner and ally, increasing our ability to advocate for Canadian interests and values.
- Canada’s support to the region has created tangible results on the ground including clearing land of explosive hazards in Iraq and Syria; training Lebanese Armed Forces to the first all-female infantry platoon in Jordan; and promoting women’s meaningful participation in decision-making roles.
Supporting Facts and Figures
- Canada is consistently among the top 6 official development assistance donors in each of the four countries of the Middle East Strategy – Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan.
- Through the Strategy, development assistance coupled with targeted policy dialogue helped to secure the adoption of inclusive policies to safeguard refugees’ and internally displaced persons’ legal status and expand their access to services and jobs.
- The Strategy’s security and stabilization support has also contributed to a doubling in women’s representation in Jordan’s security agencies, advancing the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda.
- Through diplomatic engagement efforts Canada supports the implementation of National Action Plans for Women’s Economic Empowerment in Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq.
- Canadian support helped convene the forth session of ‘FemParl’ in Beirut and Cairo which brought together female leaders in 2019 to promote women’s participation in decision-making roles.
- Canada is one of the largest voluntary donors to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and supported creating the Investigation and Identification Team to attribute responsibility for chemical weapons attacks in Syria.
In addition, the Strategy has paved the way for Canada to:
- support over 2.6 million children in Jordan and Lebanon with expanded access to public education, including 350,000 refugee children; train 120,000 educators; and help 3,700 schools to provide more inclusive learning environments;
- support over 88,000 women and men with improved vocational skills and jobs; and, over 50,000 women and youth-led businesses with the dedicated support and resources needed to grow their businesses.
Background
The Strategy was launched in February 2016 to respond to the crises in Iraq and Syria, and their impact on the region, particularly Jordan and Lebanon. The current Whole-of-Government Strategy was extended for three-years, to March 31, 2025.
The Strategy has committed over $4.7 billion since 2016 to help set the conditions for security and stability; alleviate human suffering; enable civilian-led stabilization programs; and support governance and longer-term efforts to build resilience. Canada continues its diplomatic engagement with key partners to address crises in the region.
Arctic and Northern Policy Framework and Arctic Council
- The Government of Canada is co-implementing the Arctic and Northern Policy Framework with Territorial, Provincial and Indigenous partners.
- Canada is committed to working with like-minded Arctic allies and people of the Arctic to create a more sustainable, stable, and prosperous Arctic.
- Canada is working with Arctic partners to ensure the transition of the Arctic Council Chair from Russia to Norway in May 2023 and will support Norway’s leadership in the Council.
Supplementary Messages
- The Arctic is a well-managed region operating under extensive national and international legal frameworks. Arctic states must continue to be the primary decision-makers on matters pertaining to the region.
- Canada’s international Arctic priorities include:
- Strengthening the rules-based international order in the Arctic;
- More clearly defining Canada’s Arctic boundaries;
- Supporting a safe, secure and well-defended Arctic and North;
- Broadening Canada’s international engagement in the North.
- Canada is firmly committed to the enduring value of the Arctic Council.
Background
In 2019, the Government of Canada released the Arctic and Northern Policy Framework that was co-developed with the Governments of Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec and more than 25 Indigenous organizations representing Inuit, First Nations and Métis. The Framework sets out a common long-term vision to 2030 for the Canadian and circumpolar Arctic. It includes an international chapter that seeks to position Canada as a global leader that can drive international priorities in the Arctic. The international chapter articulates Canada’s goals and objectives for the circumpolar Arctic: 1) strengthen the rules-based international order in the Arctic; 2) more clearly define Canada’s Arctic boundaries; and, 3) broaden Canada’s international engagement to contribute to the priorities of Canada’s Arctic.
Implementation of the international chapter is supported by the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative, a $6.15 million annual program in grants and contributions to strengthen Canada’s leadership at the Arctic Council; establish a Canadian-based permanent secretariat for the Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group at Laval University; strengthen the capacity of the Canada-based Indigenous Permanent Participants; strategically re-engage with the University of the Arctic (UArctic); and, enhance opportunities for youth engagement in Canada’s international Arctic policy and programming.
The Arctic Council was established in Ottawa in 1996 as an intergovernmental forum to foster cooperation and coordination among the 8 Arctic states, with the involvement of the Arctic Indigenous communities on common Arctic issues. In March 2022, seven Arctic states (Canada, Kingdom of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and U.S.) issued a Joint Statement condemning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and announced a temporary pause in the Council’s activities. In June 2022, Canada and its like-minded Arctic partners implemented a limited resumption of work in the Arctic Council, in projects that do not involve the participation of the Russian Federation. Canada is working with Arctic partners to ensure a smooth transition of the rotating Chairship from Russia to Norway set to take place on May 11, 2023.
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